1910. _Popering._ 'Poppering, or Poppeling, was the name of a parish in the Marches of Calais. Our famous antiquary Leland was once rector of it. See Tanner, Bib. Brit. in v. _Leland_.'--Tyrwhitt. Here _Calais_ means the district, not the town. _Poperinge_ has a population of about 10,500, and is situate about 26 miles S. by W. from Ostend, in the province of Belgium called West Flanders, very near the French 'marches,' or border. Ypres (see A. 448) is close beside it. _place_, the mansion or chief house in the town. Dr. Pegge, in his Kentish Glossary, (Eng. Dial. Soc.), has--'_Place_, that is, the manor-house. Hearne, in his pref. to Antiq. of Glastonbury, p. xv, speaks of a _manour-place_.' He refers also to Strype's Annals, cap. xv. 1915. _payndemayn._ 'The very finest and the _whitest_ [kind of bread] that was known, was _simnel-bread_, which ... was as commonly known under the name of _pain-demayn_ (afterwards corrupted into [_painmain_ or] _payman_); a word which has given considerable trouble to Tyrwhitt and other commentators on Chaucer, but which means no [185] more than "bread of our Lord," from the figure of our Saviour, or the Virgin Mary, impressed upon each round flat loaf, as is still the usage in Belgium with respect to certain rich cakes much admired there'; Chambers, Book of Days, i. 119. The Liber Albus (ed. Riley, p. 305) speaks of '_demesne_ bread, known as _demeine_,' which Mr. Riley annotates by--'_Panis Dominicus_. Simnels made of the very finest flour were thus called, from an impression upon them of the effigy of our Saviour.' Tyrwhitt refers to the poem of the Freiris of Berwick, in the Maitland MS., in which occur the expressions _breid of mane_ and _mane breid_. It occurs also in Sir Degrevant (Thornton Romances, p. 235):-- '_Paynemayn_ prevayly Sche brou[gh]th fram the pantry,' &c. It is mentioned as a delicacy by Gower, Conf. Amantis, bk. vi. (ed. Pauli, iii. 22). 1917. _rode_, complexion. _scarlet in grayn_, i. e. scarlet dyed in grain, or of a fast colour. Properly, to dye _in_ grain meant to dye _with_ grain, i. e. with cochineal. In fact, Chaucer uses the phrase '_with greyn_' in the epilogue to the Nonne Prestes Tale; B. 4649. See the long note in Marsh's Lectures on the English Language, ed. Smith, pp. 54-62, and the additional note on p. 64. Cf. Shak. Tw. Nt. i. 5. 255. 1920. _saffroun_; i. e. of a yellow colour. Cf. Bottom's description of beards--'I will discharge it in either your straw-colour beard, your orange-tawney beard, your purple-in-grain beard, or your French-crown-colour beard, _your perfect yellow_'; Mids. Nt. Dr. i. 2. In Lybeaus Disconus (ed. Ritson, Met. Rom. ii. 6, or ed. Kaluza, l. 139) a dwarf's beard is described as 'yelow as ony wax.'