“The washer consisted of a cast iron vessel, lead lined, and was 2.5 m. in diameter, 2 m. deep, and fitted with a dome cover and stirring gear. Lead pipes served for the introduction of sodium carbonate solution and water. Similar pipes were fitted for drawing these off by means of a vacuum. A manhole on the cover, with a flat top, was fitted with light and sight glasses to which were fitted a small steam coil for keeping them clear. The washed oil is drawn off to a distillation still, which is a cast iron vessel homogeneously lead coated, 1.5 m. in diameter and 2 m. deep, fitted with a lead heating coil and connected through a spiral lead condenser and receiver to a vacuum pump. The water is distilled from the oil at a pressure of from 62 to 70 mm. absolute pressure. When dried, the oil is sent by vacuum to a mixing vessel, similar in most respects to the washing vessel, in which it is mixed with an appointed quantity of solvent, which, in this factory, was usually chlorobenzene but occasionally carbon tetrachloride. The relative quantities varied with the time of year, and instructions were sent from Berlin on this point. Thence the mixture was passed to a storage tank and into tank-wagons.” AMERICAN METHOD OF MANUFACTURE The Chemical Warfare Service investigated carefully the three methods (German, French, and English) and finally adopted the Levinstein process. The following discussion is taken from a report originally made during construction, Sept., 1918. The Levinstein reactor consisted of a jacketed and lead-lined vessel or steel tank, 8 feet 5 inches in diameter and 14 feet tall. The reactor contained 1,400 feet of lead pipe (outside diameter 2⅜ inches), made up into five coils, giving a total cooling surface of 1,200 square feet. The finished charge of such a reactor is 12 tons. Ethylene was introduced through lead injectors, of which there were 16, each suspended from its own opening in the top and hanging so that the end of the injector tube was 12 inches from the bottom of the reactor. The nozzle of the injector was ³/₁₆ inch outside diameter and ethylene was introduced through it at 40 pounds pressure. In starting the reaction, enough sulfur chloride was introduced into the reactor to cover the central nozzles. Ethylene was now introduced, and as the reaction proceeded sulfur chloride was added in sufficient quantities to give a high rate of reaction. Brine or cold water was introduced through the cooling coils and jacket to keep the reacting temperature at 35° C.