[16] Twelfth Census of United States, 1900, Vol. VII, p. cxxv. [17] Instructions to Enumerators, Thirteenth Census of the United States, pp. 32-34. [18] These tables were copied from charts displayed at the Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit, May, 1911. [19] "The Child in the City," Handbook of the Child Welfare Exhibit, Chicago, May 11-25, 1911, p. 25. [20] _Idem_, p. 25. [21] "The Social Evil in Chicago," by the Vice Commission of Chicago, 1911, pp. 241-242. [22] "A Plea to take the Small Boy and the Girl from the City Streets," by the Chicago Board of Education and a committee representing local organizations, 1911. [23] Elizabeth C. Watson, "New York Newsboys and their Work," 1911. [24] Abstract of Immigration Commission's Report on the Greek Padrone System in the United States, 1911, p. 9. [25] A more detailed presentation of this matter will be found in Chapter IV. [26] Immigration Commission's Report, p. 9. [27] Elementary Schools (Children working for Wages), House of Commons Papers, 1899, No. 205, p. 17. [28] _Idem_, p. 21. [29] _Idem_, p. 17. [30] Elementary Schools (Children working for Wages), House of Commons Papers, 1899, No. 205, p. 25. [31] Great Britain, Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, p. 8. [32] _Idem_, p. 9. [33] _Idem_, p. 10. [34] Great Britain, Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, p. 18. [35] _Idem_, p. 16. [36] Robert H. Sherard, "Child Slaves of Britain," 1905, p. 178. [37] Report of President of State Children Relief Board of New South Wales for year ending April 5, 1910, pp. 39-40. [38] Vierteljahrshefte des Kaiserlichen Statistischen Amts, 1900, Heft III, p. 97. See also Great Britain, Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, App. 3, p. 294. [39] Bulletin 89 of United States Bureau of Labor, 1910, p. 84. [40] Bulletin 89 of United States Bureau of Labor, 1910, p. 56. [41] _Idem_, p. 63. [42] _Idem_, p. 65. [43] _The Hustler_, organ of Boston Newsboys' Club, February, 1911. [44] Report of the Newsboys' Home Association of Washington, D.C., 1863-1864, p. 7. [45] "The Education, Earnings and Social Condition of Boys Engaged in Street Trading in Manchester," by E. T. Campagnac and C. E. B. Russell; Great Britain, Report of Interdepartmental Committee on Employment of School Children, 1901, App. 45, pp. 456-457. [46] Handbook of New York Child Welfare Exhibit, 1911, p. 33. [47] "Child Labor on the Street," _The Newsboy_, leaflet of New York Child Labor Committee, 1907. [48] Report of Newsboys' and Children's Aid Society of Washington, D.C., 1889, p. 10. [49] "The Education, Earnings and Social Condition of Boys Engaged in Street Trading in Manchester," by Campagnac and Russell, 1901.