Children -- United States; United States -- Social life and customs -- To 1775
Religious expression naturally found its highest point in Puritan
communities in the strict and decorous observance of Sunday. Stern
were the laws in ordering this observance. Fines, imprisonment,
and stripes on the naked back were dealt out rigorously for
Sabbath-breaking. The New Haven Code of Laws with still greater
severity enjoined that profanation of the Lord's Day, if done
"proudly and with a high hand against the authority of God," should
be punished with death. This rigid observance fell with special
force and restriction on children. A loved poet, Oliver Wendell
Holmes, wrote of the day:--
"Hush, 'tis the Sabbath's silence-stricken morn,
No feet must wander through the tasselled corn,
No merry children laugh around the door,
No idle playthings strew the sanded floor.
The law of Moses lays its awful ban
On all that stirs. Here comes the Tithing-man."
There were many public offices in colonial times which we do not
have to-day, for we do not need them. One of these is that of
tithing-man; he was a town officer, and had several neighboring
families under his charge, usually ten, as the word "tithing" would
signify. He enforced the learning of the church catechism in these
ten homes, visited the houses, and heard the children recite their
catechism. These ten families he watched specially on Sundays to
see whether they attended church, and did not loiter on the way. In
some Massachusetts towns he watched on week days to keep "boys and
all persons from swimming in the water." Ten families with many boys
must have kept him busy on hot August days. He inspected taverns,
reported disorderly persons, and forbade the sale of intoxicating
liquor to them. He administered the "oath of fidelity" to new
citizens, and warned undesirable visitors and wanderers to leave the
town. He could arrest persons who ran or rode at too fast a pace
when going to meeting on Sunday, or who took unnecessary rides on
Sunday, or otherwise broke the Sunday laws.
Within the meeting-house he kept order by beating out dogs,
correcting unruly and noisy boys, and waking those who slept. He
sometimes walked up and down the church aisles, carrying a stick
which had a knob on one end, and a dangling foxtail on the other,
tapping the boys on the head with the knob end of the stick, and
tickling the face of sleeping church attendants with the foxtail.
Some churches had tithing-men until this century.
A Puritanical regard of the Sabbath still lingers in our New England
towns. There are many Christian old gentlemen still living of whom
such an anecdote as this of old Deacon Davis of Westborough might be
told. A grandson walked to church with him one Sabbath morning and a
gray squirrel ran across the road. The child, delighted, pointed out
the beautiful little creature to his grandfather. A sharp twist of
the ear was the old Puritan's rejoinder, and the caustic words that
"squirrels were not to be spoken of on the Lord's Day."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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