Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matterSully, James
Science
Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matter
Sully, James
Child development; Child psychology
Some children stop at this mixed scheme, continuing to give the two eyes
and the mouth, as in the front view, and frequently also the front view
of the body. This becomes a fixed conventional way of representing a
man. With children of finer perception the transition to a correct
profile view may be carried much further. Yet a lingering fondness for
the two eyes is apt to appear at a later stage in this development of a
consistent treatment of the profile; a feeling that the second eye is
not in its right place prompting the artist in some cases to place it
_outside the face_ (see Fig. 20 (_a_) and (_b_)).
[Illustration: Fig. 19.--A miner.]
[Illustration: Fig. 20 (_a_).]
[Illustration: Fig. 20 (_b_).]
Other confusions are apt to appear in these early attempts at drawing a
man in profile. The trunk, for example, is very frequently represented
in front view with a row of buttons running down the middle, though the
head and feet seem clearly shown in side view. The arms, too, not
uncommonly are spread out from the two sides of the trunk just as in the
front view.
It would take too long to offer a complete explanation of these
characteristics of children's drawings. I must content myself here with
touching on one or two of the main causes at work.
First of all, then, it seems pretty evident that most children when they
begin to draw are not thinking of setting down a likeness of what they
see when they look at an object. In the first simple stage we have
little more than a jotting down of a number of linear notes, a kind of
rude and fragmentary description in lines rather than in words. Here a
child aims at bringing into his scheme what seems to him to have most
interest and importance, such as the features of the face, the two legs,
and so forth. In the later and more ambitious attempt to draw a man in
profile the old impulse to set down what seems important continues to
show itself. Although the little draughtsman has decided to give to the
nose, to the ear, and possibly to the manly beard and the equally manly
pipe, the advantage of a side view, he goes on exhibiting those
sovereign members, the two round eyes, and the mouth with its flash of
serried teeth, in their full front-view glory. It is enough for him to
know that the lord of creation has these members, and he does not
trouble about so small a matter as our capability of seeing them all at
the same moment. In like manner a child will sometimes, on first
clothing the human form, exhibit arms and legs through their covering
(see Fig. 21 (_a_) and (_b_)). All this shows that even at this later
and decidedly "knowing" stage of his craft he is not much nearer the
point of view of our pictorial art than he was in the earlier stage of
bald symbolism.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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