Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matterSully, James
Science
Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matter
Sully, James
Child development; Child psychology
These formative touches are, at first, rough enough, the transformation
being effected, as we have seen, much more by the alchemy of the child's
imagination than by the cunning of his hands. Yet, crude as it is, and
showing at first almost as much of chance as of design, it is a
manifestation of the same plastic impulse which possesses the sculptor
and the painter.
The more elaborate constructive play which follows--the building with
cards and wooden bricks, the moulding with sand and clay, and the first
spontaneous drawings--is the direct descendant of this rude formative
activity. The kindergarten is, indeed, a kind of smaller art-world where
the dramatic and plastic impulses of the child are led into orderly
action.
In this imitative play we see from the first the artistic tendency to
set forth what is characteristic in the things represented. Thus in the
unstudied acting of the nursery, the nurse, the coachman, and the rest,
are presented by a few broad touches; characteristic actions, such as
pouring out the medicine, jerking the reins, being aided by one or two
rough accessories, as the medicine bottle or the whip. In this way
child's play, like primitive art, shows a certain unconscious
selectiveness. It presents what is constant and typical, imperfectly
enough no doubt. The same selection of broadly distinctive traits is
seen where some individual person, _e.g._, a particular newsboy or
gardener, seems to be represented. A similar tendency to a somewhat bald
typicalness of outline is seen in the first rude attempts of children to
construct, whether with materials like cards or bricks, or with pencil,
the semblance of a house, a garden and so forth.
As observation widens and grows finer, the first bald representation
becomes fuller and more life-like. A larger number of distinctive traits
is taken up into the play. Thus the coachman's talk becomes richer,
fuller of reminiscences of the stable, etc., and so colour is given to
the dramatic picture. Similarly with the products of the plastic
impulse.
With this more realistic tendency to exhibit the characteristic with
something like concrete fulness we see the germ at least of the
idealistic impulse to transcend the level of common things, to give
prominence to what has value, to touch the representation with the magic
light of beauty. Even a small child playing with its coloured petals or
its shells will show a rudiment of this artistic feeling for beautiful
arrangement.
No doubt there are striking variations among children in this respect.
Play discloses in many ways differences of feeling and ideas: among
others, in the unequal degrees of tastefulness of the play scene. Yet
the presence of an impulse, however rudimentary, to produce what has
beauty and charm for the eye is a fact which we must recognise.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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