From this and the passages immediately following it is clear that Bushell at that time leant strongly to the Han theory, which he had previously discarded, for three reasons, which we shall now examine. The first rests on the character _tz'ŭ_. Whether the character _tz'ŭ_ was coined to designate a new substance in the Han dynasty is by no means certain. It undoubtedly appears in the Han dictionary, the _Shuo Wên_, but with the meagre definition "pottery ware,"[294] and without any further indication of its nature. The second is based on a passage in the Annals of Fou-liang, which on examination proves to contain only the general word _t'ao_ (ware) and not the character _tz'ŭ_ at all. The actual passage runs: "The manufacture of pottery (_t'ao_) at Hsin-p'ing began in the Han dynasty. Speaking generally, this pottery was strong, heavy, and coarse, being fashioned of rich clay with moisture added, after methods handed down from the ancients." The third invokes the authority of T'ang Ying, but on reference to the autobiography of this distinguished ceramist in the _Chiang hsi t'ung chih_, we again find reference only to _t'ao_ and not to _tz'ŭ_, viz. "It (_t'ao_) is not the growth of one day. Research shows that it began in the Han dynasty and was transmitted through succeeding generations. Its place (of manufacture) changed (from time to time), but it flourished at Ch'ang-nan." One obvious place for T'ang's research would be the Annals of Fou-liang, and I shrewdly suspect that his conclusions were based on the very passage quoted above, of which his words give a clear echo. But in any case, neither passage has any bearing on the origin of porcelain unless we assume that _t'ao_ is the same as _tz'ŭ_, and that both words definitely mean _porcelain_, an assumption which is not only quite unwarranted but in any case begs the whole question. The Chinese words used at the present day for porcelain are _tz'ŭ_, _t'ao_, and _yao_, all of considerable antiquity, though their forms have undergone various changes and their meaning has been modified from time to time to keep pace with the evolution of the ware. The word _tz'ŭ_ [Chinese], as we have seen, was defined in the Han dictionary as merely "pottery ware." Its modern definition is a hard, fine-grained variety of _t'ao_, and if we add to this the quality of resonance--i.e. of emitting a musical note when struck--we have all the requirements of porcelain according to the Chinese definition. The synonym [Chinese], containing the radical [Chinese] _shih_ (a stone), which is also pronounced _tz'ŭ_, has come in the last two centuries to be used interchangeably with the older word [Chinese], in spite of the protests of eighteenth-century purists.[295]