Chinese pottery and porcelain; vol. 2. Ming and Ch'ing PorcelainHobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart)
History
Chinese pottery and porcelain; vol. 2. Ming and Ch'ing Porcelain
Hobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart)
Porcelain, Chinese; Pottery, Chinese
The sky and the stars of course contribute their quota of divinities.
Beside the Taoist star-gods of Longevity, Honours and Happiness, there
is the Jade Emperor or supreme lord of the universe, Yü wang shang
ti, who is represented in mandarin dress holding a _ju-i_ sceptre and
closely resembling Lu Hsing, the star-god of Honours. There is, too,
the goddess of the Moon with a butterfly ornamenting the front of her
robes, and a mirror in her right hand, besides the other denizens of
the moon--Liu Han, the moon-hare and the moon-toad. A cassia tree also
grows in the moon, and the “cassia of the moon” is a symbol of literary
success.
The Sun is represented as a disc on which is a three-legged bird; and
it is probable that the sun-disc is represented also in the so-called
“pearl”[505] which is pursued or grasped by dragons; but this idea
of the power of the storm threatening the sun was lost sight of in
later art, and “a dragon pursuing a pearl” was considered a sufficient
description of the motive. A curious scene depicting a mandarin
shooting arrows at a dog in the sky alludes to the dog who devours the
sun and so causes the eclipse.
The zodiacal animals are named on p. 211 (vol. i), and the four points
of the compass are symbolised by the azure dragon for the East, the
white tiger for the West, the black tortoise for the North, and the red
bird for the South. The romance of two stars is embodied in the story
of the Spinning Maiden (_Chih Nü_) and her lover, the Cowherd (_Ch’ien
Niu_), who are separated for all the year save on one night when the
“magpies fill up the Milky Way and enable the Spinning Damsel to cross
over.”
Chang Ch’ien, the celebrated minister of Han Wu-ti, was one of the
first great travellers of China, and among the legends which grew
around his exploits is one which makes him ascend the Milky Way and
meet the Spinning Damsel herself. This story arose because he was
reputed to have discovered the source of the Yellow River, which had
hitherto been supposed to rise in heaven, being in fact a continuation
of the Milky Way. Chang Ch’ien is sometimes represented in Chinese art
as floating on a log-raft on the Yellow River, and carrying in his hand
a shuttle given to him by the Spinning Maiden.[506] The poet Li T’ai-po
is also figured in the same kind of craft, but he is distinguished by a
book in place of the shuttle.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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