These words are certainly foreign words in Cornish and the other Celtic languages in which they occur, and to attempt to supply for some of them a purely Celtic etymology shows a complete want of appreciation both of the history of words and of the phonetic laws that govern each family of the Indo-European languages. Sometimes, no doubt, the Latin words have been considerably changed and modified, according to the phonetic peculiarities of the dialects into which they were received. Thus, _gwespar_ for _vesper_, _seth_ for _sagitta_, _caus_ for _caseus_, hardly look like Latin words. Yet no real Celtic scholar would claim them as Celtic; and the Rev. Robert Williams, the author of the “Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum,” in speaking of a list of words borrowed from Latin by the Welsh during the stay of the Romans in Britain, is no doubt right in stating “that it will be found much more extensive than is generally imagined.” Latin words which have reached the Cornish after they had assumed a French or Norman disguise, are, for instance,— _Emperur_, instead of Latin _imperator_ (Welsh, _ymherawdwr_). _Laian_, the French _loyal_, but not the Latin _legalis_. Likewise, _dislaian_, disloyal. _Fruit_, fruit; Lat. _fructus_; French, _fruit_. _Funten_, fountain, commonly pronounced _fenton_; Lat. _fontana_; French, _fontaine_. _Gromersy_, _i.e._ grand mercy, thanks. _Hoyz, hoyz, hoyz!_ hear, hear! The Norman-French, _Oyez_. The town-crier of Aberconwy may still be heard prefacing his notices with the shout of “Hoyz, hoyz, hoyz!” which in other places has been corrupted to “O yes.” The following words, adopted into Cornish and other Celtic dialects, clearly show their Saxon origin:— _Cafor_, a chafer; Germ, _käfer_. _Craft_, art, craft. _Redior_, a reader. _Storc_, a stork. _Let_, hindrance, let; preserved in the German, _verletzen_.(54) Considering that Cornish and other Celtic dialects are members of the same family to which Latin and German belong, it is sometimes difficult to tell at once whether a Celtic word was really borrowed, or whether it belongs to that ancient stock of words which all the Aryan languages share in common. This is a point which can be determined by scholars only, and by means of phonetic tests. Thus the Cornish _huir_, or _hoer_, is clearly the same word as the Latin _soror_, sister. But the change of _s_ into _h_ would not have taken place if the word had been simply borrowed from Latin, while many words beginning with _s_ in Sanskrit, Latin, and German, change the _s_ into _h_ in Cornish as well as in Greek and Persian. The Cornish _hoer_, sister, is indeed curiously like the Persian _kháher_, the regular representative of the Sanskrit _svasar_, the Latin _soror_. The same applies to _braud_, brother, _dedh_, day, _dri_, three, and many more words which form the primitive stock of Cornish, and were common to all the Aryan languages before their earliest dispersion.