Formed on the same principle as Portsmouth we find such words as _Hayle-river_, the Cornish _hal_ by itself meaning salt marsh, moor, or estuary; _Treville_ or _Trou-ville_, where the Celtic _tre_, town, is explained by the French _ville_; the _Cotswold_ Hills, where the Celtic word _cot_, wood, is explained by the Saxon _wold_ or _weald_, a wood. In _Dun-bar-ton_, the Celtic word _dun_, hill, is explained by the Saxon _bar_ for _byrig_, burg, _ton_ being added to form the name of the town that rose up under the protection of the hill-castle. In _Penhow_ the same process has been suspected; _how_, the German Höhe,(77) expressing nearly the same idea as _pen_, head. In Constantine, in Cornwall, one of the large stones with rock-basins is called the _Mên-rock_,(78) rock being simply the interpretation of the Cornish _mên_. If, then, we suppose that in exactly the same manner the people of Cornwall spoke of _Tshey-houses_, or _Dshyi-houses_, is it so very extraordinary that this hybrid word should at last have been interpreted as _Jew-houses_ or _Jews’ houses_? I do not say that the history of the word can be traced through all its phases with the same certainty as that of Marazion; all I maintain is that, in explaining its history, no step has been admitted that cannot be proved by sufficient evidence to be in strict keeping with the well-known movements, or, if it is respectful to say so, the well-known antics of language. Thus vanish the Jews from Cornwall; but there still remain the _Saracens_. One is surprised to meet with Saracens in the West of England; still more, to hear of their having worked in the tin-mines, like the Jews. According to some writers, however, Saracen is only another name for Jews, though no explanation is given why this detested name should have been applied to the Jews in Cornwall, and nowhere else. This view is held, for instance, by Carew, who writes: “The Cornish maintain these works to have been very ancient, and the first wrought by the Jews with pickaxes of holm, box, hartshorn; they prove this by the names of those places yet enduring, to wit, _Attall-Sarazin_ (or, as in some editions, _Sazarin_); in English, the Jews’ Offcast.” Camden (p. 69) says: “We are taught from Diodorus and Æthicus that the ancient Britons had worked hard at the mines, but the Saxons and Normans seem to have neglected them for a long time, or to have employed the labor of Arabs or Saracens, for the inhabitants call deserted shafts, _Attall-Sarazin_, _i.e._ the leavings of the Saracens.” Thus, then, we have not only the Saracens in Cornwall admitted as simply a matter of history, but their presence actually used in order to prove that the Saxons and Normans neglected to work the mines in the West of England.