(5) The first cost is smaller. The cost of liquid chlorine machines varies from $400, for the small manual control types, to $1,200, for the automatic control types. The capital outlay is mainly determined by the number of machines and accessories required and not, within certain limits, by the capacity. One machine will deliver up to 200 pounds of gas per day, an amount sufficient to treat 60,000,000 U. S. A. gallons (50,000,000 Imp. gals.) at 0.40 p.p.m. of available chlorine. Unless duplicate machines are installed for the higher rates, the first cost is inversely proportional, though not directly so, to the volume of water treated. It is in all cases less than the first cost of a bleach plant of equal capacity, accuracy, and durability. (6) Liquid chlorine installations usually tend to produce less complaints as to tastes and odours. This is probably due, not to any merit of the chlorine _per se_, but to a more accurate regulation of the dosage and efficient distribution of the chlorine in the treated water. The advantages ensuing from thorough admixture had only become partially appreciated before liquid chlorine machines were fully developed and they have been more fully utilised in the design of these later installations. Claims have also been made that liquid chlorine prevents "aftergrowths" but no evidence can be adduced in support of this statement. Aftergrowths have occurred at many places where this process is employed and in this respect it possesses no advantage over hypochlorite installations. It is also claimed that one pound of liquid chlorine is more efficient, as a germicide, than an equal weight of chlorine in the form of bleach. Jackson[5] has stated that 1 pound of chlorine is equal to 9 pounds of bleach; Kienle (_loc. cit._) that it was equal to 8 pounds of bleach, whilst Huy claimed to have obtained an efficiency ratio of 1:10 at Niagara Falls, N. Y. The conditions of the experiment were not comparable however, in the last mentioned ratio. Catlett, at Wilmington, N. C. (West[4]) obtained a better bacterial reduction with 1 pound of liquid chlorine than with 6 pounds of bleach.