[20] Col. iii. 9, 10. [21] See Lecky, _Map of Life_. [22] _Vor dem Wissenden sich stellen, sicher ist's in allen Faellen_. [23] 1 Cor. xii. 26. [24] _Phil. of Right_, pp. 48 ff.; see also Wundt, _Ethik_, pp. 175 f. [25] Cf. Ottley, _Idem_, p. 271. [26] Green, _Proleg._, p. 173, quoted by Ottley. [27] _Science of Ethics_ (trans.), p. 337. [28] Miss Fowler, _Concerning Isabel Carnaby_. [29] Drummond, _Via, Veritas, Vita_, p. 227. [30] Matt. viii. 25 f., x. 26; Luke viii. 23 f. [31] Matt. xxv. 1 f.; Mark xxiv. 42; Luke xii. 36 f. [32] _Chr. Ethics_ (trans.), vol. ii. p. 221. [33] _Hist. of Europ. Morals_, vol. i. p. 36. [34] _Human Personality_, vol. ii. p. 313. [35] Browning, _Christmas Eve_. [36] _Proleg._, p. 198. [37] Cf. Jones, _Browning as Philosophical and Religious Teacher_, p. 367. {220} CHAPTER XIII SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS In last chapter we dealt with the rights and duties of the individual as they are conditioned by his relation to himself, others, and to God. In this chapter it remains to speak more particularly of the organised institutions of society in which the moral life is manifested, and by means of which character is moulded. These are the Family, the State, and the Church. These three types of society, though distinguishable, are closely allied. At first, indeed, they were identical. Human society had its origin, most probably, in a primitive condition in which domestic, political, and religious ends were one. Even in modern life Family, State, and Church do not stand for separate interests. So far from their aims colliding they are mutually helpful. An individual may be a member of all three at one time. From a Christian point of view each is a divine institution invested with a sacred worth and a holy function, and ordained of God for the advancement of His kingdom. I _The Family_ is the fountain-head of all the other social groups, 'the cell of the social organism.' Man enters the world not as an isolated being, but by descent and generation. In the family each is cradled and nurtured, and by the domestic environment character is developed. The family has a profound value for the nation. Citizenship rests on the sanctity of the home. When the fire on the hearth is quenched, the vigour of a people dies. {221}