Aratus was a poet of Cilicia, Paul's native province. He flourished B.C. 277. "Great and divine Father, whose names are many, But who art one and the same unchangeable, almighty power; O thou supreme Author of nature! That governest by a single unerring law! Hail King! For thou art able, to enforce obedience from all frail mortals, _Because we are all thine offspring,_ The image and the echo only of thy eternal voice." Cleanthes, "Hymn to Jupiter." Cleanthes was the pupil of Zeno, and his successor as chief of the Stoic philosophers.] [Footnote 114: "As soon as a man becomes conscious of himself, as soon as he perceives himself as distinct from other persons and things, he at the same moment becomes conscious of a higher self, a higher power, without which he feels that neither he nor any thing else would have any life or reality. We are so fashioned that as soon as we awake we feel on all sides our dependence on something else; and all nations join in some way or another in the words of the Psalmist, 'It is He that made us, not we ourselves.' This is the first _sense_ of the Godhead, the _sensus numinis_, as it has well been called; for it is a _sensus_, an immediate perception, not the result of reasoning or generalization, but an intuition as irresistible as the impressions of our senses.... This _sensus numinis_, or, as we may call it in more homely language, _faith_, is the source of all religion; it is that without which no religion, whether true or false, is possible."--Max Müller, "Science of Language," Second Series, p. 455.] A little reflection will convince us that this is the necessary order in which human consciousness is developed. There are at least two fundamental and radical tendencies in human personality, namely, to _know_ and to _act_. If we would conceive of them as they exist in the innermost sphere of selfhood, we must distinguish the first as _self-consciousness_, and the second as _self-determination_. These are unquestionably the two factors of human personality.