Worcestershire. St. Clement's Day in, 212; New Year in, 324 Wormesley, Holy Thorn at, 269 Wren, hunting of, 292-3 Wylie, Miss I. A. R., 263 "Yeth hounds," 240 York Minster, mistletoe at, 273; Boy Bishop at, 307 York plays, 128, 131-3 Yorkshire, possible survival of the crib in, 118; frumenty, ale posset, and Yule cakes in, 285; "lucky bird" in, 325 Ypres, St. Martin at, 206 Yule, origin of the name, 25, 171-2 "Yule Boar," 288 Yule log, 180, 245, 251-8, 344, 354 Zacharias, Pope, 171 FOOTNOTES [1] For an explanation of the small numerals in the text see Preface. [Transcriber's Note: In this edition the numerals are enclosed in {curly brackets}, so they will not be confused with footnotes.] [2] "Christianity," as here used, will stand for the system of orthodoxy which had been fixed in its main outlines when the festival of Christmas took its rise. The relation of the orthodox creed to historical fact need not concern us here, nor need we for the purposes of this study attempt to distinguish between the Christianity of Jesus and ecclesiastical accretions around his teaching. [3] Whether the Nativity had previously been celebrated at Rome on January 6 is a matter of controversy; the affirmative view was maintained by Usener in his monograph on Christmas,{6} the negative by Monsignor Duchesne.{7} A very minute, cautious, and balanced study of both arguments is to be found in Professor Kirsopp Lake's article on Christmas in Hastings's "Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics,"{8} and a short article was contributed by the same writer to _The Guardian_, December 29, 1911. Professor Lake, on the whole, inclines to Usener's view. The early history of the festival is also treated by Father Cyril Martindale in "The Catholic Encyclopaedia" (article "Christmas"). [4] Usener says 354, Duchesne 336.