Pepperers’ Guild, 139 Perfume, sacred, 45 Perfumer, Biblical reference, 50 Percapt, ii, 297 Periodeutes, 93, 94 Perkins’s Metallic Tractors, 201; ii, 166 Perkin, W. H. discovers mauve, ii, 263 Peroxide of hydrogen, inventor, 282 Peruvian bark. _See_ Cinchona Pessary, ii, 297 Peter of Spain, medical author, 294 Petra Philosophale, ii, 174 Petroleum, medical uses, 131; early use, 359; synonyms, 360; medical use, 360; Barbadense, 360 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, foundation, 156 Pharmacies, State controlled, 103, 104 Pharmacist, the first, 12 Pharmacists, royal and noble, 287. _See also_ Apothecaries _and_ Chemists Pharmacopeus, 93 Pharmacopœia, the earliest, 103; history of, ii, 59 Pharmacopolis, 92 Pharmacopoloi, 93 Pharmacotribæ, 95 Pharmacy Acts, various, 156 Pharmacy, myths, 1; origin, 1; patron saints, 19; in Pharaoh’s time, 34; in the Bible, 46; old use of word, 52; identity with sorcery, 52; Hippocrates on, 86; separation from medicine, 91; Arabian, 97; in East, 100; in Northern Europe, 115; edict to regulate, 117; Beckmann on, 118; concessions, origin, 119; in Saxon England, 124; animal substances in, ii, 1; Shakespearian reference, ii, 70; progress in 19th century, ii, 243 Pharmaka, use by Homer, 52 Pharmakeia, 52, 92 Pharmakeuein, 93 Pharmakoi, use of, 52 Pharmakon, 93 Phenacetin, discovery, ii, 273 Phillips, P. L., critic, ii, 68 Philon, 91 Philonium, inventor, 91; formulæ, ii, 39, ii, 40, ii, 41 Philosopher’s stone, 106, 363 Philosophic egg, 379 Phlogiston theory, 176 Phœnix, as alchemists sign, 26; legends of, 27; Biblical references, 27; longevity, 27 Phosphor paste, 368 Phosphorus, Hanckwitz’s advertisement, 142; etymology, 360; discovery, 363; made in London, 365; medical use, 365; prepared from bones, 365; dose, 367; solubility, 368; symbol, ii, 309 Phthisis, Rhazes’s treatment, 106 Phylacteries, protect from evil, 161 Physicians, as priests, 35; Biblical references, 46; Pope on, 148; fees, 151; Valentine on, 227 Pigmentarii, 94 Pike’s itch ointment, ii, 165 Pil cocciæ, origin, ii, 292 Pil cochiæ, origin, ii, 152, ii, 292 Pil Rufi, origin, ii, 140 Pills, gilding introduced, 109; origin, ii, 292, ii, 297; silvering introduced, 109, 423 Pilula saponis composita, origin, ii, 153 Pilulæ Communes, ii, 140 Ethiopicæ, ii, 153 Lunares, 423 Pacificæ, ii, 154 Perpetuæ, 381 Pestilentiales, ii, 140 Piperine, synthetic, ii, 266 Pissaeleum, 328 Pitt’s “Crafts and Frauds of Physic Exposed,” 149