§ 171.8. =Supernaturalism.=--Abandoning the old orthodoxy without surrendering to rationalism, the supernaturalists sought to maintain their hold of the Scripture revelation. Many of them did so in a very uncertain way: their revelation had scarcely anything to reveal which was not already given by reason. Others, however, eagerly sought to preserve all essentially vital truths. Morus of Leipzig, Ernesti’s ablest student, Less of Göttingen, Döderlein of Jena, Seiler of Erlangen, and Nösselt of Halle, were all representatives of this school. More powerful opponents of rationalism appeared in =Storr= of Tübingen, A.D. 1746-1805, who could break a lance even with the philosopher of Königsberg, =Knapp= of Halle, and =Reinhard= of Dresden, the most famous preacher of his age. Reinhard’s sermon on the Reformation festival of A.D. 1800 created such enthusiasm in favour of the Lutheran doctrine of justification, that government issued an edict calling the attention of all pastors to it as a model. The most distinguished apologists were the mathematician =Euler= of St. Petersburg, the physiologist, botanist, geologist, and poet =Haller= of Zürich and the theologians =Lilienthal= of Königsberg and =Kleuker= of Kiel. The most zealous defender of the faith was the much abused =Goeze= of Hamburg, who fought for the palladium of Lutheran orthodoxy against his rationalistic colleagues, against the theatre, against Barth, Basedow, and such-like, against the “Wolfenbüttel Fragments,” against the “Sorrows of Werther,” etc. His polemic may have been over-violent, and he certainly was not a match for such an antagonist as Lessing; he was, however, by no means an obscurantist, ignoramus, fanatic, or hypocrite, but a man in solemn earnest in all he did. In the field of church history important services were rendered by =Schröckh= of Wittenberg and =Walch= of Göttingen, laborious investigators and compilers, =Stäudlin= and =Planck= of Göttingen, and =Münter= of Copenhagen.--Among English theologians of this tendency toward the end of the century, the most famous was =Paley= of Cambridge, A.D. 1743-1805, whose “Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy” and “Evidences of Christianity” were obligatory text-books in the university. His “_Horæ Paulinæ_” prove the credibility of the Acts of the Apostles from the epistles, and his “Natural Theology” demonstrates God’s being and attributes from nature.