the Capuchin =Martin of Cochem=, who missionarized the Rhine Provinces and western Germany for forty years, and issued a large number of popular religious tracts.--Continuation, § 165, 14. § 158.3. =Art and Poetry= (§ 149, 15).--The greatest master of the musical school founded by Palestrina was _Allêgri_, whose _Miserere_ is performed yearly on the Wednesday afternoon of Passion Week in the Sistine Chapel in Rome. The oratorio originated from the application of the lofty music of this school to dramatic scenes drawn from the Bible, for purely musical and not theatrical performance. Philip Neri patronized this music freely in his oratory, from which it took the name. This new church music became gradually more and more secularized and approximated to the ordinary opera style.--In =ecclesiastical architecture= the Renaissance style still prevailed, but debased with senseless, tasteless ornamentation.--In the Italian school of =painting= the decline, both in creative power and imitative skill, was very marked from the end of the sixteenth century. In Spain during the seventeenth century religious painting reached a high point of excellence in Murillo of Seville, who died in A.D. 1682, a master in representing calm meditation and entranced felicity.--The two greatest =poets= of Spain, the creators of the Spanish drama, =Lope de Vega= (died A.D. 1635) and =Pedro Calderon= (died A.D. 1681), both at first soldiers and afterwards priests, flourished during this century. The elder excelled the younger, not only in fruitfulness and versatility (1,500 comedies, 320 autos, § 115, 12, etc.), but also in poetic genius and patriotism. Calderon, with his 122 dramas, 73 festival plays, 200 preludes, etc., excelled De Vega in artistic expression and beauty of imagery. Both alike glorify the Inquisition, but occasionally subordinate Mary and the saints to the great redemption of the cross.--Specially deserving of notice is the noble German Jesuit =Friedr. von Spee=, died A.D. 1635. His spiritual songs show deep love to the Saviour and a profound feeling for nature, approaching in some respects the style of the evangelical hymn-writers. Spee was a keen but unsuccessful opponent of witch prosecution. Another eminent poetic genius of the age was the Jesuit =Jac. Balde= of Munich, who died in A.D. 1688. He is at his best in lyrical poetry. A deep religious vein runs through all his Latin odes, in which he enthusiastically appeals to the Virgin to raise him above all earthly passions. To Herder belongs the merit of rescuing him from oblivion. III. The Lutheran Church. § 159. ORTHODOXY AND ITS BATTLES.[465]