Church History (Volumes 1-3)Kurtz, J. H. (Johann Heinrich)
History
Church History (Volumes 1-3)
Kurtz, J. H. (Johann Heinrich)
Church history
§ 34.1. =The Continuation of Charismatic Endowments into
Post-Apostolic Times= has, by means of the Apostolic Didache
recently rendered accessible to us (§ 30, 7), not only received
new confirmation, but their place in the church and their relation
to it has been put in a far clearer light. In essential agreement
with 1 Cor. xii. 28, and Eph. iv. 11 (§ 17, 5), it presents to
us the three offices of Apostle, Prophet and Teacher. The Pastors
and Teachers of the Epistle to the Ephesians, as well as of
the passage from Corinthians, are grouped together in one; and
the Evangelists, that is, helpers of the Apostles, appear now
after the decease of the original Apostles, as their successors
and heirs of their missionary calling under the same title of
Apostles. Hermas indeed speaks only of Apostles and Teachers;
but he himself appears as a Prophet and so witnesses to the
continuance of that office. The place and task of the three
offices are still the same as described in § 17, 5 from Eph.
iv. 11, 12 and ii. 20. These three were not chosen like the
bishops and deacons by the congregations, but appointment and
qualifications for office were dependent on a divine call,
somewhat like that of Acts xiii. 2-4, or on a charism that had
evidently and admittedly been bestowed on them. They are further
not permanent officials in particular congregations but travel
about in the exercise of their teaching function from church to
church. Prophets and Teachers, however, but not Apostles, might
settle down permanently in a particular church.--In reference
exclusively to the =Apostles= the Didache teaches as follows:
In the case of their visiting an already constituted church
they should stay there at furthest only two days and should
accept provision only for one day’s journey but upon no account
any money (Matt. x. 9, 10). Eusebius too, in his Ch. Hist.,
iii. 37, tells that after the death of the twelve the gospel was
successfully spread abroad in all lands by means of itinerating
Apostolic men, whom he designates, however, by the old name of
evangelists, and praises them for having according to the command
of the Lord (Matt. x. and Luke x.) parted their possessions among
the poor, and having adhered strictly to the rule of everywhere
laying only the foundations of the faith and leaving the further
care of what they had planted to the settled pastors.--The
Didache assigns the second place to the =Prophets=: they too,
inasmuch as like the Apostles they are itinerants, are without
a fixed residence; but they are distinguished from the latter by
having their teaching functions directed not to the founding of
a church but only to its edification, and in this respect they
are related to the Teachers. Their distinguishing characteristic,
however, is the possession of the charism of prophesying in the
wider sense, whereas the Teachers’ charism consisted in the λόγος
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