When Hamilton stated, in those days of 1788, his conviction that new Articles would relate to the “organization of government and not to the mass of its powers,” he was epitomizing the common knowledge of everyone, at that time, that the new Constitution was both _federal_ and _national_. He was predicting that the power to interfere with individual liberty, to the extent which Americans had surrendered any power _of that kind_ to their governments, had been so wisely distributed, between the government of the citizens of America and the political entity which was each state, that it would never be necessary for the citizens of America to alter that distribution by giving any more to _their_ government. That is why he prophesied that no new Article of the kind which only “conventions” of those citizens can make, Articles changing the “mass of powers” granted to that government by the First Article, would ever be needed. And we recall that this conviction probably influenced the last day remembrance in the Philadelphia Convention by Madison and himself, that the Fifth Article should also contain some reference to the state legislatures and their future exercise of their existing abilities to make _federal_ or declaratory Articles, which do not change the “mass of powers” in that First Article grant and do not relate to government interference with the individual liberty of the American citizen. The statement of Hamilton was not meant as a prophecy. It was the result of a great mind reasoning from cause to probable effect. As we come down through the century or more that follows that statement and reach the beginning of the year 1917, we pay our tribute to a mind which could reason so correctly _as to what would happen for more than a hundred years_. We shall find that never again, from 1787 to 1917, did experience find it necessary that the “conventions” of the American citizens, the “conventions” named in the Seventh and the Fifth Articles, should again be assembled to alter, as they alone can alter, the mass of enumerated powers to interfere with their own individual liberty, which they granted in that First Article.