The very essence of the wisdom and _efficiency_ of the manner of the first exercise was that the exercise was by “_conventions_” of themselves, chosen by themselves, _after_ specific grants had been proposed to them to be made by them. These “conventions,” chosen from among themselves for the one purpose of saying “Yes” or “No” to the proposed grants, had made those grants in the only way in which the American people “can act safely, effectively and wisely” in the making of such grants. In their Fifth Article, made in the first “convention” exercise, they had mentioned the very “convention” method in which they were then assembled to make their First Article grants. Thus, they made that method CONSTITUTIONAL for future exercise of their own exclusive power to make grants _of that kind_. Thus they had secured their liberty against any attempt by government to interfere with their individual freedom, as American citizens, except in the matters named in the enumerated powers of the First Article. In this way, they had secured their liberty, in their capacity of American citizens, against any attempt by other governments than their only government at Washington, even in the matters enumerated in the First Article. Nearly every individual in America was also a citizen of a state. In each state, _its_ citizens had vested the legislative government of the state with limited powers to interfere with the individual freedom of those within the jurisdiction of that state. The limitations upon the power of each state government to interfere with those within its own jurisdiction were, firstly, limitations imposed by the citizens of America in _their_ Constitution upon the power of each state to govern itself; secondly, the limitations imposed by the citizens of each state in their own constitution; and, thirdly, the limitations imposed by the traditional American principle that no government, without limit, can do what it will with the individual freedom of its citizens. In each state, subject to those limitations, its own citizens were exclusively competent to determine the exact quantum of ability which its own legislative government should have to interfere with the individual human freedom of those within its jurisdiction. No government or governments outside each state could interfere with the individual freedom of its citizens, _as such citizens_, in any matter. No outside government at all, except Congress, could interfere with their freedom, as human beings, in any matter. The legislative governments of the other states, either singly or collectively, on _no_ matter, could either exercise themselves or give to any government a single power to interfere with the human beings in each particular state. The one American government, at Washington, could only interfere with those human beings on the matters enumerated in the First Article. No new ability in that government so to interfere with them could be