So far as history tells the tale, in the legislatures of the states, that legal necessity was “known and acknowledged” by none. There were many therein, as there were many in the later court litigations, who opposed the making on the ground of its unwisdom. There were also many, again as in the later litigations, who contended that there should be no interference with the freedom of American citizens, as such, except on the matters enumerated in the First Article. But, neither in our own American legislature nor in these state legislatures, as in the later litigations, was there one who knew the only legal and maintainable ground for that belief, the legal fact, as the Philadelphia Convention found it, that only the American people could validly grant government power to interfere with their individual freedom, and the legal fact that the American people, constituting their government, kept the legal situation, in that respect, exactly as the Philadelphia Convention found it, by the most important factors in the Tenth Amendment and the Fifth Article. The amazing haste with which the ratifying legislatures exercised, for the first time in America, this imaginary power to interfere with the individual freedom of the American citizens is a matter of history. The manner in which that legislative exercise of imaginary government power over subjects was secured in many states is something with which we are all familiar. We desire, however, to emulate the example set by Madison and Hamilton in _The Federalist_, so far as judgment can restrain the honest indignation of citizens, when government undertakes to make them “subjects.” Therefore we leave it entirely to those who uphold the validity of the supposed new Amendment to substitute irrelevant matter, mostly personal abuse that is harmless in view of its source, for the sound legal arguments in support of validity, which they can never find until the Statute of ’76 is repealed and our constitutions of government are so changed that we cease to be citizens and become the subjects our ancestors were in 1775. For those who would like to look upon all American governments as model exemplars of American respect for American law and American constitutions, the date of the proposal in December, 1917, and the quickness of ratification and the manner in which ratification was largely secured, are all matters most unpleasant to contemplate. Even now the most sincere advocate of the new Amendment never speaks of it without unwittingly showing his chagrin at the general knowledge that it _was_ proposed and passed by governments when millions of the citizens of those governments were fighting and were armed to fight for human liberty, and that even governments would never have dared to pass it except at that particular time.