In the South Carolina convention, Pinckney said: “With us, the sovereignty of the Union is in the people” (4. _Ell. Deb._ 328), and again “I conceive it as _indispensable_, in a republic, that all authority should flow from the people.” (4 _Ell. Deb._ 326.) Hamilton, one of the people assembled in the New York convention, said: “As the people are the only legitimate fountain of power, and it is from them that the constitutional charter, under which the several branches of government hold their power, is derived, it seems strictly consonant to the republican theory, to recur to the same original authority,” the people themselves, the “conventions” of the Fifth Article and the Seventh, “whenever it may be necessary to enlarge, diminish, or new-model the powers of government.” (_Fed._ No. 49.) He could hardly have made more clear his knowledge that the Fifth Article was not a “grant” of power to the state governments. As Madison and Hamilton proposed and seconded the only Fifth Article, at Philadelphia, which ever mentioned the state legislatures, their own words have great weight in the interpretation of its language. For which reason, it is well to recall again that Madison, in _Federalist_ Number 37, clearly said that “the genius of republican liberty seems to demand ... not only that all power should be derived from the people.” And either Madison or Hamilton said in _The Federalist_, Number 49, the reference to the Fifth Article being unmistakable from what they said, “There is certainly great force in this reasoning, and it must be allowed to prove that a constitutional road to the decision of the people ought to be marked out and kept open, for certain great and extraordinary occasions.” As they both maintained, at the Philadelphia Convention and thereafter, that the ability of state governments was incompetent to constitute government with national powers to interfere with human freedom, and as they both repeatedly stated that it would be contrary to the genius of republican liberty that _any_ governments should have that ability, they have made unmistakable _their_ knowledge that the Fifth Article, which they proposed and seconded and which Madison probably worded, did not grant any such ability to governments.