Furthermore, through our own personal experience, we understand how all societies of men are brought into being. There are few of us who have not participated in the creation of at least one society of men. Most of us have personally participated in the creation of many such societies. For which reason, we are quite well acquainted with the manner in which all societies of men are brought into being. We know that ourselves, the prospective members of the proposed society, assemble and organize it and become its first members and constitute the powers of its government to command us, its members, for the achievement of the purpose for which we create it. For one simple reason, the Americans, through whose education we have just lived, were “better acquainted with the science of government than any other people in the world.” That reason was their accurate knowledge that a free nation, like any other society of individuals, can be created only in the same manner and by its prospective members and that the gift of any _national_ powers to its government can only be by direct grant from its human members. This is the surrender “of a share of their liberty, to preserve the rest.” The knowledge of those Americans is now our knowledge. For which reason, we know that they _themselves_ created that new nation and immediately became its citizens and, _as such_, gave to its government all the valid and enumerated national powers of that government to interfere with their and our human freedom. We know that they did all these things, by their own direct action, “in the only manner, in which they can act safely, _effectively_ or wisely, on such a subject, by assembling in conventions.” Thus, whatever may have been the lack of knowledge on the part of our leaders and “constitutional” lawyers for the last five years, we ourselves know, with knowledge that is a certainty, that the ratifying conventions of 1787 and 1788 WERE the American people themselves or the citizens of the new nation, America, assembled in their respective states. Our Supreme Court has always had the same knowledge and acted upon it.