When we read that story of Philadelphia, in relation to the Fifth Article, one thing stands out with amazing clarity and importance. We already know how that Convention, until its last days, was concentrated upon the hotly debated question of its own proposed grants of _national_ powers in the First Article. In the light of which continued concentration, it is not surprising to learn that, until almost the very last days, the delegates forgot entirely to mention, in their tentative Fifth Article, the existing and limited ability of state legislatures to make federal or declaratory Articles, and mentioned only “conventions” of the people, who alone could or can make _national_ Articles. The first suggestion of what we now know as the Fifth Article was on the second day, May 29, when the Randolph Resolution 13 read “that provision ought to be made for the amendment of the Articles of union whensoever it shall seem necessary.” This wording was the exact language of Resolution 17 of the report of the Committee of the Whole. It was adopted by the Convention on July 23. Three days later, with the other Resolutions, it was referred to the Committee of Detail “to prepare and report the Constitution.” On August 6, this Committee, in the first draft of our Constitution, reported the following: “Art. XIX. On the Application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the states in the Union, for an amendment of this Constitution, the legislature of the United States shall call a _convention_ for that purpose.” We see clearly why the delegates, their minds concentrated on their own proposed grants of _national_ powers, mentioned only the people themselves, the “conventions” of the “Seventh” and “Fifth” Articles, who alone can make _national_ Articles, and forgot to mention legislatures, because the latter never can make national Articles. _That_ kind of Article was the only thing they were _then_ thinking about. Naturally, it then escaped their attention that, if they proposed a wise and proper distribution of _national_ power between the new American government and the respective existing state governments, almost every future Article, if not every one, would be of the _federal_ kind, which legislatures or governments could validly make, as they had made all the Articles of the existing federation. Clearly _for that reason_ this Article XIX never even mentioned the existing and limited ability of legislatures. Between this report of August 6 and August 30, the Convention was again entirely occupied with the grants of _national_ power and the election of the legislators to exercise it or, in other words, with what is now the First Article. On August 30, Article XIX was adopted without any debate.