The following manuals may be recommended: Thorpe, _The_ _Government of the People of the United States_, Phila., 1889; Martin's _Text Book on Civil Government in the United States_, N.Y. and Chicago, 1875 (written with special reference to Massachusetts); Northam's _Manual of Civil Government_, Syracuse, 1887 (written with special reference to New York); Ford's _American Citizen's Manual_, N.Y., 1887; Rupert's _Guide to the Study of the History and the Constitution of the United States_, Boston, 1888; Andrews's _Manual of the Constitution of the United States_, Cincinnati, 1874; Miss Dawes, _How we are Governed_, Boston, 1888; Macy, _Our Government: How it Grew, What it Does, and How it Does it_, Boston, 1887. The last is especially good, and mingles narrative with exposition in an unusually interesting way. Nordhoff's _Politics for Young Americans_, N.Y., 1887, is a book that ought to be read by all young Americans for its robust and sound political philosophy. It is suitable for boys and girls from twelve to fifteen years old. C.F. Dole's _The Citizen and the Neighbour_, Boston, 1887, is a suggestive and stimulating little book. For a comparative survey of governmental institutions, ancient and modern, see Woodrow Wilson's _The State: Elements of Historical and Practical Politics_, Boston, 1889. An enormous mass of matter is compressed into this volume, and, although it inevitably suffers somewhat from extreme condensation, it is so treated as to be both readable and instructive. The chapter on _The State and Federal Governments of the United States_ has been published separately, and makes a convenient little volume of 131 pages. Teachers should find much help in MacAlister's _Syllabus of a Course of Elementary Instruction in United States History and Civil Government_, Phila., 1887.