10. A loans B $1000. May A be taxed for the $1000? Why? May B be taxed for the $1000? Why? Is it right to tax both for $1000? Suppose B with the money buys goods of C. Is it right to tax the three for $1000 each? 11. A taxpayer worth $100,000 in personal property makes no return to the assessors. In their ignorance the assessors tax him for $50,000 only, and the tax is paid without question. Does the taxpayer act honourably? 12. What difficulties beset the work of the assessors? 13. Would anything be gained by exempting personal property from taxation? If so, what? Would anything be lost? If so, what? 14. Does any one absolutely escape taxation? 15. Does the poll-tax payer pay, in any sense, more than his poll-tax? 16. Are there any taxes that people pay without seeming to know it? If so, what? (See below, chap. viii. section 8.). 17. Have we clans to-day among ourselves? (Think of family reunions, people of the same name in a community, descendants of early settlers, etc.). What important differences exist between these modern so-called clans and the ancient ones? 18. What is a "clannish" spirit? Is it a good spirit or a bad one? Is it ever the same as patriotism? 19. Look up the meaning of _ham_, _wick_, and _stead_. Think of towns whose names contain these words; also of towns whose names contain the word _tun_ or _ton_ or _town_. 20. Give an account of the tithing-man in early New England. 21. In what sense is the word "parish" commonly used in the United States? Is the parish the same as the church? Has it any limits of territory? 22. In Massachusetts, clergymen were formerly paid out of the taxes of the township. How did this come about? In this practice was there a union or a separation of church and state? 23. Ministers are not now supported by taxation in the United States. What important change in the parish idea does this fact indicate? Is it a change for the better? 24. Are women who do not vote represented in town government? 25. Are boys and girls represented in town government? 26. Is there anybody in a town who is not represented in its government? 27. How are citizens of a town represented in state government? 28. How are citizens of a town represented in the national government? 29. Imagine a situation in which the ballot of a single voter in a town might affect the action of the national government. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE. Section 1. THE NEW ENGLAND TOWNSHIP. There is a good account in Martin's _Text Book on Civil Government in the United States_. N. T. & Chicago, 1875.