Civilization and ethics : $b The philosophy of civilization, part 2Schweitzer, Albert
Philosophy
Civilization and ethics : $b The philosophy of civilization, part 2
Schweitzer, Albert
Civilization -- History; Ethics
Absorption in the Absolute by means of action is, as Fichte thinks,
something prodigious, but, just like its counterpart, absorption in
the Absolute which is effected by an act of thought, it is not ethical
but supra-ethical. The element which is needed by the mysticism of
absorption in the Absolute to make it ethical cannot be secured either
by enhancing or by depreciating the will to activity.
Fichte’s mysticism of activity in which man lets loose his energy in
the world is related to the ethic of deed, just as Spinoza’s mysticism
of knowledge in which man is absorbed in the world is related to that
of self-perfecting, but it is only very incompletely that either can
develop itself into a real ethic.
The absorption in the Absolute which comes into actuality in an act of
thought lies nearer to nature-philosophy than that which completes
itself in an active deed. The Brahmans, the Buddha, Lao-tse,
Chwang-tse, Spinoza, and the mystics of every age, have experienced
the becoming one with the Absolute as a coming-to-rest in it. Fichte’s
mysticism of activity lies more in the path of dualistic thinking than
in that of real nature-philosophy. It is something which has been
extorted by enthusiasm, but Fichte [pg 134] is devoted to it, and
rightly, because he has a feeling that the interests of an active
ethic are better guarded by it than by the other. Since, however, he
thus once and for all decides for a nature-philosophy, he comes,
dominated though he is by the ideal of an active ethic, more and more
to the natural quietist consequences of a nature-philosophy. He goes
through a process of evolution which brings him nearer to Spinoza’s
world-view. In his _Instruction Concerning the Blessed Life_, which
appeared in 1806, six years later than _The Destiny of Man_, it is to
him no longer the ethical which in itself is the highest, but the
religious. The ultimate meaning of life, as he now recognizes, is not
to act in God, but to be merged in Him. “Self-annihilation is the
gateway into the higher life.”
He believes, indeed, that he is thereby merely deepening his
world-view without diminishing its ethical energy, and he remains
himself, right to the end, the fiery spirit which consumes itself in
activity for promoting the progress of the world. But his thought has
bent under the weight of nature-philosophy. Without clearly admitting
it to himself, he recognizes that out of nature-philosophy there can
be drawn only an intellectual, not an ethical meaning for the world
and life. Spinoza observes with a smile how he retires upon the
thought beyond which a nature philosophy cannot advance.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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