68 What Schopenhauer wrote after this, his chief work, which was printed when he was thirty, are only appendixes and popular explanations of it: _Concerning the Will in Nature_ (1836), _The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics_ (1840), _Parerga and Paralipomena_ (2 vols., 1851). 69 In 1802-1804 Anquetil Duperron (1731-1805) published in two volumes, with a Latin translation, the _Oupnek’hat_, a collection of fifty Upanishads, which he had brought back from India in a Persian text. 70 _The World as Will and Idea_, vol. ii., chap. xli. 71 _The World as Will and Idea_, vol. i., chap. lxix. 72 That the man who has won through to complete world- and life-denial remains holy even if he commits actions which according to accepted ideas are unethical, is taught by the Bhagavadgita as well as by the Upanishads. 73 _The World as Will and Idea_, vol. i., chap. lxviii. 74 Friedrich Nietzsche: _Old-fashioned Reflexions_ (4 parts, 1873-1876), _Human and All too Human_ (3 vols., 1878-1880), _Joyous Science_ (1882), _Thus spake Zarathustra_ (4 parts, 1883-1885), _Beyond Good and Evil_ (1886), _On the Genealogy of Morality_ (1887), _The Will to Power_ (posthumous, 1906). 75 Max Stirner (1806-1856), whose real name was Kaspar Schmidt, has recently been regarded as a predecessor of Nietzsche’s on account of his book, _The Individual and His Property_ (1845), in which he supports the theory of merciless egoism. But he is not one. He has provided no really deep philosophical background for his anarchistic egoism. He speaks as a mere logician, and does not rise above the level of the Greek sophists. A religious reverence for life, such as Nietzsche feels, is not to be found in him. CHAPTER XVI Notes 76 H. Sidgwick: _The Method of Ethics_ (1874). (German translation by C. Bauer, 1909.) 77 Leslie Stephen: _The Science of Ethics_ (1882). 78 S. Alexander: _Moral Order and Progress: An Analysis of Ethical Conceptions_ (1889). 79 Wm. Wundt: _Ethics: An Examination of the Facts and Law of the Moral Life_ (1887). 80 Friedrich Paulsen: _A System of Ethics_ (1889). 81 Friedrich Jodl: _A History of Ethics as Philosophical Science_ (2 vols., 2nd ed., 1906 and 1912). 82 Georg von Gizyki: _Moral Philosophy, expounded so as to be intelligible to all_ (1888). 83 Harald Höffding (a Dane): _Ethics_ (1887). (German translation, 1888.) Georg Simmel (1858-1918) adopts a critical attitude towards modern “scientific” ethics in his _Introduction to Moral Science_ (1892). 84 H. Cohen: _Kant’s Foundation given to Ethics_ (1877); _The Ethic of the Pure Will_ (1904). 85 W. Herrmann: _Ethics_ (1901). In France Charles Renouvier (1838-1903) tries, in his _Science of the Moral_ (1869), to restore the Kantian system of ethics. 86 Jas. Martineau: _Types of Ethical Theory_ (2 vols., 1885). 87 F. H. Bradley: _Ethical Studies_ (1876). 88 T. H. Green: _Prolegomena to Ethics_ (posthumous, 1883).