The Scots had a kind of artillery peculiar to themselves, called “Carts of War.” They are described in an Act of Parliament, thus “ilk Cart twa gunnis and ilk ane to have twa Chalmers and an Cumrand man to shute theme.” These were breech-loaders, and in 1471, the Barons were commanded to provide such “Carts of War” against their old enemies the English. (Plate 18, fig. 1.) ~Cannon named.~ It was not uncommon to give strange names to early cannon; thus Louis XII. had twelve brass ones cast in 1503, of enormous size, which he named after the twelve Peers of France; the Spaniards and Portugese christened theirs after their Saints, and the Emperor Charles V. had twelve when he went against Tunis, which he named after the Twelve Apostles. ~Cause of improvements.~ ~Iron balls in England, 15th century.~ As a knowledge of the art of gunnery increased, great improvements took place with regard to projectiles; and balls of iron were substituted in the place of those formed of stone, being introduced into England in the sixteenth century. ~Iron guns cast.~ ~Hand-culverines.~ ~Organ-guns.~ Iron guns were not cast in this country until the year 1547, foreigners being generally employed to manufacture them. Both Henry VII. and Henry VIII. took great pains to introduce the art of gunnery into the kingdom; and to this end, had a number of Flemish gunners in their daily pay; in fact, it is said, that the latter monarch himself, invented small pieces of artillery to defend his waggons. The earlier species of field artillery, embraced among others, a small kind of ordnance called, “hand cannon,” or culverins, which were so light and portable, that they could be carried and served by two men; they were fired from a rest, placed on the ground; also “ribandequins” or organ guns; these latter consisted of a number of tubes, placed in a row, like those of an organ, and appear to have been of French origin, as were many of the improvements which took place about that period, including the invention of wall pieces, throwing leaden balls of ten to the pound. ~Mortars, Henry VIII.~ ~Shells.~ ~Varieties of cannon.~ ~Queen Elizabeth’s Pocket-pistol.~