Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
Attractive power is exerted in all the solid parts of the cell. This
follows, not only from the fact that new molecules may be deposited
everywhere between those already present, but also from the formation
of secondary deposits. When the cavity of a cell is once formed,
material may be also attracted from its contents and deposited in
layers; and as this deposition takes place upon the inner surface
of the membrane of the cell, it is probably that which exerts the
attractive influence. This formation of layers on the inner surface of
the cell-membrane is, perhaps, merely a repetition of the same process
by which, at an earlier period, nucleus and cell were precipitated as
layers around the nucleolus. It must, however, be remarked that the
identity of these two processes cannot be so clearly proved as that of
the processes by which nucleus and cell are formed; more especially
as there is a variety in the phenomena, for the secondary deposits in
plants occur in spiral forms, while this has at least not yet been
demonstrated in the formation of the cell-membrane and the nucleus,
although by some botanical writers the cell-membrane itself is supposed
to consist of spirals.
The power of attraction may be uniform throughout the whole cell,
but it may also be confined to single spots; the deposition of new
molecules is then more vigorous at these spots, and the consequence of
this uneven growth of the cell-membrane is a change in the form of the
cell.
The attractive power of the cells manifest a certain form of election
in its operation. It does not take up all the substances contained in
the surrounding cytoblastema, but only particular ones, either those
which are analogous with the substance already present in the cell
(assimilation), or such as differ from it in chemical properties. The
several layers grow by assimilation, but when a new layer is being
formed, different material from that of the previously-formed layer
is attracted: for the nucleolus, the nucleus and cell-membrane are
composed of materials which differ in their chemical properties.
Such are the peculiarities of the plastic power of the cells, so far as
they can as yet be drawn from observation. But the manifestations of
this power presuppose another faculty of the cells. The cytoblastema,
in which the cells are formed, contains the elements of the materials
of which the cell is composed, but in other combinations; it is
not a mere solution of cell-material, but it contains only certain
organic substances in solution. The cells, therefore, not only attract
materials from out of the cytoblastema, but they must have the faculty
of producing chemical changes in its constituent particles. Besides
which, all the parts of the cell itself may be chemically altered
during the process of its vegetation. The unknown cause of all these
phenomena, which we comprise under the term metabolic phenomena of the
cells, we will denominate the metabolic power.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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