Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
be asserted without hesitation that the plastic power of cells and the
fundamental powers of crystals are identical.
We come now, however, to some peculiarities in the plastic power of
cells, to which we might, at first sight, scarcely expect to find
anything analogous in crystals. The attractive power of the cells
manifests a certain degree of election in its operation; it does
not attract every substance present in the cytoblastema, but only
particular ones; and here a muscle-cell, there a fat-cell, is generated
from the same fluid, the blood. Yet crystals afford us an example
of a precisely similar phenomenon, and one which has already been
frequently adduced as analogous to assimilation. If a crystal of nitre
be placed in a solution of nitre and sulphate of soda, only the nitre
crystallizes; when a crystal of sulphate of soda is put in, only the
sulphate of soda crystallizes. Here, therefore, there occurs just the
same selection of the substance to be attracted.
We observed another law attending the development of the plastic
phenomena in the cells, viz. that a more concentrated solution is
requisite for the first formation of a cell than for its growth when
already formed, a law upon which the difference between organized and
unorganized tissues is based. In ordinary crystallization the solution
must be more than saturated for the process to begin. But when it is
over, there remains a mother lye, according to Thénard, which is no
longer saturated at the same temperature. This phenomenon accords
precisely with the cells; it shows that a more concentrated solution is
requisite for the commencement of crystallization than for the increase
of a crystal already formed. The fact has indeed been disputed by
Thomson; but if, in the undisputed experiment quoted above, the crystal
of sulphate of soda attracts the dissolved sulphate of soda rather
than the dissolved nitre, and _vice versa_, the crystal of nitre
attracts the dissolved nitre more than the dissolved sulphate of soda,
it follows that a crystal does attract a salt held in solution, because
the experiment proves that there are degrees of this attraction. But if
there be such an attraction exerted by a crystal, then the introduction
of a crystal into a solution of a salt, affords an efficient cause for
the deposition of this salt, which does not exist when no crystal is
introduced. The solution must therefore be more concentrated in the
latter case than in the former, though the difference be so slight
as not to be demonstrable by experiment. It would not, however, be
superfluous to repeat the experiments. In the instance of crystals
capable of imbibition, this difference may be considerably augmented,
since the attraction of molecules may increase perhaps considerably by
the penetrating of the solution between those already deposited.
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