The first _desideratum_ is to get rid of the supply of poison which has already been generated within the bowels, and the second to stop the fermentation which alone can generate the poison. To meet the first indication an unirritating laxative should be at once administered. When the symptoms are severe, one or two teaspoonfuls, according to the age of the child, of castor oil is probably the safest remedy, but in less violent disturbances a drachm of our old friend, Gregory’s powder, will be more appropriate. The laxative should be promptly followed by the administration of one of the intestinal antiseptics, amongst which I have a personal preference for 5-grain doses of resorcin; but β naphthol grs. ii., salicylate of bismuth grs. v., or perchloride of mercury gr. ¹⁄₆₄, if more readily to hand are equally valuable, and are, I know, preferred, one or the other, by practitioners according to their individual favourable experiences; but opiates of all sorts are always to be avoided as long as active mischief continues, though fifteen or twenty drops of paregoric or some other preparation of the poppy may possibly accelerate the cessation of obvious symptoms when the “causing cause” of the disease has been disposed of. The germs that produce this intensely poisonous matter are quite different from those whereby milk “turns sour,” and the fermentation which produces it may go on some time without giving rise to changes obvious to the nose or eye. Hence, though it is no doubt possible for the germs to reach the stomach in other ways, as a rule the changes have commenced before the food is swallowed.