=======+===========+===========+===========+=====+=============+===== Month | Mean | Absolute | Absolute |Rela-| Mean |Num- |Temperature| Maxima | Minima | tive| Monthly | ber | | | | Hu- | Rainfall | of +----+------+----+------+----+------+midi-+-----+-------+Rainy | F. | C. | F. | ~C.~ | F. | ~C.~ | ty | Ins.| ~Mm.~ |days -------+----+------+----+------+----+------+-----+-----+-------+----- January|77·6|~25·4~|91·5|~33·1~|68·4|~20·4~| 87·1|13·75| ~350~| 22·5 Februa-| | | | | | | | | | ry |77·6|~25·4~|90·5|~32·5~|69·1|~20·7~| 87·5|12·56| ~319~| 20·7 March |78·5|~25·8~|90·6|~32·6~|70·3|~21·2~| 85·9| 7·53| ~191~| 17·4 April |79·4|~26·3~|90·5|~32·5~|70·3|~21·2~| 85 | 4·78| ~121~| 14·1 May |79·5|~26·4~|91·1|~32·9~|70·3|~21·2~| 83·0| 3·48| ~88~| 9·2 June |79·4|~26·3~|90·5|~32·5~|68·6|~20·4~| 83·1| 3·64| ~92~| 9·1 July |78·5|~25·8~|90·0|~32·2~|67·0|~19·4~| 80·8| 2·53| ~64~| 6·9 August |78·9|~26·0~|92·4|~33·4~|67·0|~19·4~| 77·7| 1·49| ~38~| 8·0 Septem-| | | | | | | | | | ber |79·5|~26·4~|94·0|~34·4~|66·0|~18·9~| 77·5| 2·74| ~69~| 7·3 October|79·7|~26·8~|95·0|~35·0~|69·0|~20·6~| 79·0| 4·19| ~106~| 10·0 Novem- | | | | | | | | | | ber |79·1|~26·2~|96·0|~35·6~|68·2|~20·2~| 82·0| 5·08| ~127~| 13·7 Decem- | | | | | | | | | | ber |78·2|~25·7~|92·5|~33·6~|70·0|~21·1~| 84·8| 9·03| ~229~| 19·0 -------+----+------+----+------+----+------+-----+-----+-------+----- Year |78·9|~26·0~|96·0|~35·6~|68·2|~20·2~| 82·8|70·71|~1,796~|154·9 =======+====+======+====+======+====+======+=====+=====+=======+===== South of lat. 10°-12°, a north-west monsoon, developing in October or November, takes the place of the south-west monsoon appearing in May in northern latitudes, and when we are sufficiently far from the Equator to be clear of the zone of calms and variable winds, it is the development of this wind that determines the appearance of the rainy season. This, however, does not so much affect the Malay Archipelago, as nearly the whole of it is within the zone of double annual rainy seasons, and the winds on which they depend to temper the tropical heat are mainly land and sea breezes of necessarily very variable direction. The Dutch have long had a first-class observatory established at Batavia, the capital of Java, and their results being thus of the first value may be very well taken as a type of the weather conditions of the islands to the south of the Equator, while the table already furnished of Singapore will serve sufficiently to illustrate the northern portion of the Archipelago.