It has been shown[86] that the quantity of heat conveyed by the Gulf-stream from the equatorial regions into the temperate regions is equal to 100/412ths of all the heat received by the Atlantic in temperate regions. But according to the theory under consideration the quantity removed is double this, or equal to 100/206ths of all the heat received from the sun. But the amount received from the sun is equal to 757 parts per unit surface; add then to this 100/206ths of 757, or 367, and we have 1,124 parts of heat per unit surface as the amount possessed by the Atlantic in temperate regions. The Atlantic should in this case be much warmer in temperate than in tropical regions; for in temperate regions it would possess 1,124 parts of heat per unit surface, whereas in tropical regions it would possess only 570 parts per unit surface. Of course the heat conveyed from tropical regions does not all remain in temperate regions; a very considerable portion of it must pass into the arctic regions. Let us, then, assume that one half goes to warm the Arctic Ocean, and the other half remains in the temperate regions. In this case 183·5 parts would remain, and consequently 757 + 183·5 = 940·5 parts would be the quantity possessed by the Atlantic in temperate regions, a quantity which still exceeds by no less than 370·5 parts the heat possessed by the Atlantic in tropical regions. As one half of the amount of heat conveyed from the tropical regions is assumed to go into the Arctic Ocean, the quantity passing into that ocean would therefore be equal to that which passes through the Straits of Florida, an amount which, as we have found, is equal to all the heat received from the sun by 3,436,900 square miles of the Arctic Ocean.[87] The entire area covered by sea beyond the Arctic Circle is under 5,000,000 square miles; but taking the Arctic Ocean in round numbers at 5,000,000 square miles, the quantity of heat conveyed into it by currents to that received from the sun would therefore be as 3,436,900 to 5,000,000. The amount received on the unit surface of the arctic regions we have seen to be 454 parts. The amount received from the currents would therefore be 312 parts. This gives 766 parts of heat per unit surface as the quantity possessed by the Arctic Ocean. Thus the Arctic Ocean also would contain more heat than the Atlantic in tropical regions; for the Atlantic in these regions would, in the case under consideration, possess only 570 parts, while the Arctic Ocean would possess 766 parts. It is true that more rays are cut off in arctic regions than in tropical; but still, after making due allowance for this, the Arctic Ocean, if the theory we are considering were true, ought to be as warm as, if not warmer than, the Atlantic in tropical regions. The relative quantities of heat possessed by the three zones would therefore be as follows:— Atlantic, in torrid zone 570 〃 in temperate zone 940 〃 in frigid zone 766