_Inter-glacial Beds of Scotland._—Upwards of a dozen years ago, Professor Geikie arrived, from his own observations of the glacial drift of Scotland, at a similar conclusion to that of M. Morlot regarding the intercalation of warm periods during the glacial epoch; and the facts on which Professor Geikie’s conclusions were based are briefly as follows. In a cliff of boulder clay on the banks of the Slitrig Water, near the town of Hawick, he observed a bed of stones or shingle. Over the lower stratum of stones lay a few inches of well-stratified sand, silt, and clay, some of the layers being black and peaty, _with enclosed vegetable fibres_ in a crumbling state.[111] There were some 30 or 40 feet of boulder clay above these stratified beds, and 15 or 20 feet under them. The stones in the shingle band were identical with those of the boulder clay, but they showed no striations, and were more rounded and water-worn, and resembled in every respect the stones now lying in the bed of the Slitrig. The section of the cliff stood as under:— 1. Vegetable soil. 2. Boulder clay, thirty to forty feet. { 3. Yellowish gravelly sand. Stratified beds { 4. Peaty silt and clay. { 5. Fine ferruginous sand. { 6. Coarse shingle, two to three feet. 7. Coarse, stiff boulder clay, fifteen to twenty feet. A few more cases of intercalation of stratified materials in the true till were also found in the same valley. In a cliff of stiff brown boulder clay, about 20 feet high, on the banks of the Carmichael Water, Lanarkshire, Professor Geikie observed a stratified bed of clay about 3 or 4 inches in thickness. About a mile higher up the stream, he found a series of beds of gravel, sand, and clay in the true _till_. “A thin seam of _peaty matter_,” he says, “was observed to run for a few inches along the bottom of a bed of clay and then disappear, while in a band of fine laminated clay with thin sandy partings occasional _fragments of mouldering wood_ were found.”[112]