Let us assume that by the time that the mass of the sun had condensed
to within the space encircled by the orbit of the planet Mercury (that
is, to a sphere having, say, a radius of 18,000,000 miles) the earth’s
crust began to form; and let this be the time when the geological
history of our globe dates its commencement. The total amount of heat
generated by the condensation of the sun’s mass from a sphere of this
size to its present volume would equal 19,740,000 years’ sun-heat.
The amount of original heat given out during that time would equal
48,625,000 years’ sun-heat,—thus giving a total of 68,365,000 years’
sun-heat enjoyed by our globe since that period. The total quantity may
possibly, of course, be considerably more than that, owing to the fact
that the sun’s density may increase greatly towards his centre. But we
should require to make extravagant assumptions regarding the interior
density of the sun and the proportion of original heat to that produced
by condensation before we could manage to account for anything like the
period that geological phenomena are supposed by some to demand.
The question now arises, by what conceivable means could the mass of
the sun have become possessed of such a prodigious amount of energy
in the form of heat previous to condensation? What power could have
communicated to the mass 50,000,000 years’ heat before condensation
began to take place?
_The Sun’s Energy may have originally been derived from Motion in
Space._—There is nothing at all absurd or improbable in the supposition
that such an amount of energy might have been communicated to the
mass. The Dynamical Theory of Heat affords an easy explanation of at
least _how_ such an amount of energy _may_ have been communicated. Two
bodies, each one-half the mass of the sun, moving directly towards
each other with a velocity of 476 miles per second, would by their
concussion generate in a _single moment_ the 50,000,000 years’ heat.
For two bodies of that mass moving with a velocity of 476 miles per
second would possess 4149 × 10^{38} foot-pounds of energy in the form
of _vis viva_; and this, converted into heat by the stoppage of their
motion, would give an amount of heat which would cover the present rate
of the sun’s radiation, for a period of 50,000,000 years.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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