Boulders, on Irish coast, 119. Bowie, W., cited, 293. Bowman, I., cited, 213. Britain, forests, 220; level of land, 220. British Isles, height of land, 111; temperature, 216. Brooks, C. E. P., cited, 115, 143, 196, 215, 225. Brooks, C. F., cited, 209. Brown, E. W., cited, 191, 244. Brueckner, E., cited, 27. Brueckner periods, 27 f. Bufo, habitat of, 202. Buhl stage, 216. Bull, Dr., cited, 100, 101. Butler, H. C., cited, 66, 67 ff., 70, 76. California, changes of climate, *75; correlations of rainfall, 86; measurements of sequoias in, 73, 74 ff.; rainfall, 108. Cambrian period, 4 f. Canada, storminess, 53 f., 57; storm tracks in, 113. Cape Farewell, shore ice at, 105. Carbon dioxide, erosion and, 119 f.; from volcanoes, 23; hypothesis, 139; importance of, 9, 11 f.; in Permian, 148; in atmosphere, 20, 96, 238; in ocean, 226; nebular hypothesis and, 232; theory of glaciation, 36 ff. Caribbean mountains, origin of, 193. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 74. Caspian Sea, climatic stress, 104; rainfall, 107 f.; rise and fall, 27; ruins in, 71. Cenozoic, climate, 266; fossils, 21. Central America, Maya ruins, 95. Chad, Lake, swamps of, 171. Chamberlin, R. T., cited, 166, 233, 269. Chamberlin, T. C., cited, 19, 36, 38, 39, 42 f., 48, 122, 125, 152, 156, 190, 195, 227, 269. Chandler, S. C., cited, 301. Chinese earthquakes, periodicity of, 245. Chinese, sunspot observations, 108 f. Chinese Turkestan, desiccation in, 66. Chronology, glacial, 215. Clarke, F. W., cited, 226, 235. Clayton, H. H., cited, 173 f. Climate, effect of contraction, 189 ff.; affect of salinity, 224; in history, 64-97; uniformity, 1-15; variability, 16-32. Climates, mild, causes of, 166-187; mild, periods of, 274. Climatic changes, and crustal movements, 285 ff.; hypotheses of, 33-50; mountain-building and, *25; post-glacial crustal movements and, 215-222; terrestrial causes of, 188-214. Climatic sequence, 16 f. Climatic stages, post-glacial, 270. Climatic stress, in fourteenth century, 98-109. Climatic uniformity, hypothesis of, 65, 71 f. Climatic zoning, 169. Cloudiness, glaciation and, 114, 147. Clouds, as protection, 197. Colfax, Cal., correlation coefficients, 83. Cologne, flood at, 99. Compass, variations, 150. Continental climate, variations, 103. Continents, effect on climate, 111 f. Contraction, effect on climate, 189 ff., 199, 207; effect on lands, 207; heat of sun and, 13 f.; irregular, 195; of the earth, 18; of the sun, 249; stresses caused by, 310. Convection, carbon dioxide and, 239. Corals, in high latitudes, 21, 39, 167, 178. Cordeiro, F. J. B., cited, 181, 183, 186.