A good miner may be called a “skilled workman,” and, as such, he
is entitled to greater compensation for his labor than an ordinary
workman. He expects it and gets it. There are two principal systems by
which payments are made to miners. The first is according to the number
of cubic yards of coal cut, and the second is according to the number
of tons of coal mined and sent out. The first, which is prevalent in
the regions of steep-pitching seams, is followed because the coal may
remain in the chamber for an indefinite time after being cut. The
second, which in the Wyoming region is almost universal, is somewhat
more complicated. A chamber is taken by two miners, but the account
on the books of the coal company is usually kept in the name of only
one of them, who is held to be the responsible member of the firm. For
instance, “Patrick Collins & Co.” work a chamber in Law Shaft, and
the firm is so designated. The first thing they do is to adopt some
distinctive mark which may be chalked on the sides of their loaded cars
to distinguish them from the loaded cars from other chambers. The
letters of the alphabet are frequently used by miners, but, in default
of these, some simple design that cannot readily be mistaken for any
other is put into service. The triangle ∆ is a very common symbol with
them, so is the long, horizontal line, crossed by short vertical ones,
thus: ――|――|――――|――. The miners call this a candle. When a car has
been loaded the symbol is chalked on the side of it, together with a
number which tells how many cars have been sent from the chamber during
the day. For instance, when a mine car appears at the surface marked
“∆ 5” it means that the car is from a certain chamber designated by
that symbol, and that this is the fifth car which has been sent from
that chamber during the day. On its way from the head of the breaker
to the dumping cradle, the loaded car passes over the platform of the
weighing scales and registers its weight on the scale beam. This weight
is quickly read by the weigh-master, is transferred to his book, and
goes to make up the daily report. In some districts a system in which
tickets are used instead of chalk marks is in vogue, and in other
districts duplicate checks are employed, but everywhere the general
features remain the same.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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