In the general process of readjustment, the various lines of thought and knowledge have not remained unaffected. Particularly have the more speculative subjects undergone a decided change in their dominant spirit and motive. Without exception, they have been brought down from the ethereal levels of their former dwelling-places and have been made to deal with the practical things of a practical world. This has been particularly true of Philosophy. The present period has, in fact, marked a revolutionary point in the history of that subject. We have faced many stern crises during the last few years, and it is natural that they should be reflected in our thinking. The necessity of meeting these crises has forced our thinking into definite, practical, and original channels. In our time of need we found that, while the old formulae had possessed their value, they did not offer sufficient help for the problems of the new day. There was nothing to do but to formulate new ones that were vital in their bearing upon our problems now. A hint at the new spirit of Philosophy is given in the fact that the title of the presidential address before the American Philosophical Association at its 1916 meeting was: “On Some Conditions of Progress in Philosophical Enquiry.” This title suggests that the new outlook is forward rather than backward, and that the philosophical searchlight is now turned outward as well as inward. It indicates the fact that philosophers feel a growing realization that advancement is the proper aim of human endeavor, and that the vital problem of Philosophy is human welfare and progress. The older Philosophy was scientifically productive only in a measurable degree. It spent itself somewhat too largely in unprofitable contentions. It had a great many exceptional minds working at random on many problems, but it lacked a definite and commonly accepted plan of co-operative investigation. The old Philosophy was largely an art. The new is altogether a science. The last few years, with their turmoil and suffering, have brought the thinking world to understand that Philosophy holds great potentiality as a determining factor in national and world affairs. The pressure of the world conditions which lately existed, and which in a measure still exist, has generated a proof of this statement. We have had a perfect flood of books and articles on the subject of Philosophy as it applies in the social and political fields. We could not have looked intelligently upon the events of 1914 and the several years preceding without seeing the power of Philosophy in the shaping of national ideals. Germany’s policy throughout the war was the direct result of the philosophy which has for years been taught in the German schools and encouraged by the German government. A wrong philosophy can lead a nation to its ruin within the space of a few generations. A worthy one can as promptly and definitely determine a nation’s progress and happiness.