Colour Measurement and MixtureAbney, William de Wiveleslie, Sir
Science
Colour Measurement and Mixture
Abney, William de Wiveleslie, Sir
Color
It may be further remarked, that if the maxima of all the three colour
sensations are taken, as in the diagram, as of equal value, that the
place in the spectrum where the white light is perceived by the
colour-blind is where the two sensations are of equal strength, that is,
where the two curves cut one another, and are of equal height. By
obtaining the proportions of the different colours with colour-blind
persons which make up what to them is white light, the curves for the
two sensations can be worked out in the form of simple equations.
The experiments carried out with colour-blind people are of the most
interesting character, and a good deal remains to be done with the data
already obtained from them.
To the popular mind a colour-blind person is usually thought a strange
creature, and it is a matter of wonderment, if not of amusement, that
they cannot distinguish between the red of cherries and the leaves of
the cherry tree. The physicist, studying the theory of colour, views the
matter quite differently, and he looks upon an intelligent observer of
this class as a boon. It may be remarked that both the red-blind and the
green-blind persons would be unable to distinguish between the cherries
and the leaves. The red-blind person would see the cherries as green, as
also the leaves; whilst the green-blind person would see both as red.
Without regarding form it is probable that the red-blind would see the
leaves as a bright green, whilst the green-blind would see them as
darker red than the cherries. Failure to distinguish between the two is
more likely to occur with the green of leaves, and the red of such
fruits as cherries, since the former contains a marked proportion of red
in it, and the latter a small proportion of green.
One highly-educated gentleman was led to know his deficiency in colour
sense, by hearing a companion on a tour going into raptures over a
sunset. He saw but little difference between it and that to be seen at
midday. Testing his vision it appeared that he was totally blind to the
sensation of green, and that white and purple would consequently be
mistaken by him for one another. The crimson on the clouds, illuminated
by the setting sun, would appear to him as only slightly different to
the white clouds which he would see at midday; in fact he would be
always seeing what to us would be a sunset. For this gentleman to mix
spectrum colours to match others would evidently be no guide to
normal-eyed persons.
We believe that amongst us in our daily life we have many persons who
are blind to some colour, but who are not aware of it, or if they are
aware of it, hide their defect as far as possible. That some are
ignorant of it to a late period of their life we know.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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