Colour vision : $b Being the Tyndall Lectures delivered in 1894 at the Royal InstitutionAbney, William de Wiveleslie, Sir
Science
Colour vision : $b Being the Tyndall Lectures delivered in 1894 at the Royal Institution
Abney, William de Wiveleslie, Sir
Color vision
The glass is now withdrawn, and the ordinary
white light falls upon the skeins in my hand. They are a strangely
variegated lot as now seen; we have green shades, yellows, and browns,
and greys. Such a variety would tell me that I was colour deficient,
but would not be, perhaps, decisive as to what was the exact character
of the deficiency. For if the pink glass is placed in front of the
lantern you will find the same matches, with one or two exceptions,
might have been made. The blue-green glass is once more placed in the
beam, and this time I match the pink skein with the wools. A certain
number are picked out, and the audience will agree with me that the
matches are fair ones. When, however, the glass is withdrawn from the
light and we see what colours have been selected, we find that they
consist of pale blues, mauves, pinks of various shades, and cerise, and
violet. The red in the pink did not affect my eyes any more than would
it the red-blind. I am evidently then in this light red-blind, for if
the pink glass replaces the blue-green, the matches are impossible.
While this coloured light is illuminating the heap I will make matches
again. When made, the white light is again thrown on the selected
skeins, and this time we have bluish-green and neutral tint together
with pinks. The reason of this is evident, there is no green visible;
the bluish-green contains besides blue a certain amount of yellow,
which, in its turn, contains red, and the grey must be pink. To the
green-blind, for reasons already given, the blue-green looks white, as
does the pink, and therefore the two are matched together. The grey
is also degraded white to him, and therefore he also matches that
with them. The matches which the violet-blind would make can be well
exemplified by placing in the beam of light a yellow glass, or a glass
coated with collodion in which “brilliant yellow” has been dissolved.
By this plan, then, we can in some measure produce the effect of colour
blindness on ourselves, and very interesting it is to compare theory
with the results obtained in this manner. There is no necessity to
have recourse to the electric light for this purpose. If matches are
made with such media held before the eyes in ordinary daylight, the
same results will be obtained. I have often examined through these
same media the matches made by the colour blind, and been able at once
to settle the nature of the defective vision from which they were
suffering. It must be remembered that the colours transmitted through
these two glasses are not _absolutely like_ the whites which the two
classes of colour blind see respectively, though they approach it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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