The celebration of All Souls’ Day at Ácoma and Laguna is unquestionably
an inheritance of early Catholic training, albeit at Zuñi Dr. Parsons was
told that it was a ritual of their own race, and not one engrafted from
any other. At nightfall in Ácoma on November 1 or 2[241] the informant
of Dr. Parsons “guessed” that parties of possibly as many as ten boys
go about the streets calling out “_Tsalemo, Salemo_,” at the same time
ringing a bell. This custom, according to Professor Espinosa, is a purely
Spanish one, and the words used as they beg for food are an Indian
corruption of the first words of an “invocation undoubtedly taught their
ancestors by Spanish padres: ‘_Tsalemo, Saremo, Oremo, Soremo._’”[242]
The boys are given food, and other food is taken to the cemetery and
placed at the foot of the wooden cross standing there, near which the
war chiefs are on guard. By next morning all the food has disappeared.
Dr. Parsons[243] speaks of the “Mexican prayer: _Padre Spirito Santo_,
Amen” as part of the celebration, but, according to Professor Espinosa,
“these Indian vocables are regular phonetic developments of the first
three words of the Catholic ceremony: _por la señal_.” The current
familiar pronunciation is _pol la seña_. Professor Espinosa gives the
whole prayer as the Indian mumbles it, with the Spanish words below, as
follows:
_Polasenyá_ _ela Santa_ _kulusi_ _lenuishta_
_Por la señal_ _de la santa_ _Cruz_ _de nuestros_
_inimiku_ _liplansiniola_ _ios_ _inimipali_
_enemigos_ _libranos señor_ _Dios_ _en nombre el padre_
_eleho_ _eleshpintu_ _Santu_ _amikiasusi_
_del hijo_ _y el espirítu_ _Santo_ _Amén Jesús_
The celebration in December is longer, and in certain respects more
elaborate, than either of the others, though it is less like a pageant
than the _fiesta_ of St. Stephen, and, as has been said elsewhere,
it is a curious complex of pagan and Christian customs. The whole
celebration is known in Mexican as _fiesta del Re_, but in Keresan it is
_Koachansiwatsask_. It is preceded by the warrior dance called _hoinawe_.
Dr. Parsons was not allowed to witness the preparation of the songs
composed for the occasion, which took place in the estufas. The men were
summoned to the dance by officers, who walked through the three avenues,
crying out their summons.
Four Circuits are made, one officer following another through
“North Row”; “Middle Row”; and “Last Row,” for the custom
characteristic of other pueblos of calling out the orders from
the house-top is not found in Ácoma.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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