Lummis asserts that Isleta and Ácoma are the only pueblos on sites
occupied in Coronado’s time; but in another place he says that he
was told by the Ácomas that “a generation ago” drought forced their
inhabitants to form a colony at Isleta. Bandelier says: “With the
exception of Ácoma there is not a single pueblo standing where it
was at the time of Coronado, or even sixty years later, when Juan de
Oñate accomplished the peaceable reduction of the New Mexican village
Indians.”[125] Again he writes that such fragments of Ácoma tradition
as could be gathered pointed “to the north as the direction whence that
branch of the Queres originally came, and of the Pueblo of Sía on the
Jémez River as the place where they separated from the other Queres.”
Since it is true that much Ácoma tradition assigns their origin to a
separation from the main Keres nation at Sía, it is rather curious that
Mrs. Stevenson[126] makes not the slightest allusion, in her exhaustive
memoir, to Ácoma or to any tribal connection between Sía and Ácoma.
After this separation they drifted “to the Southwest across the bleak
valley of the Rio Puerco, and dividing into two bands, established
themselves in small pueblos to the right and left of Cañada de la Cruz
and on the mesa above Acomita, twelve miles north of their present
village.”
On both sides of the Cañada de la Cruz toward Laguna there are mesas with
ruins which Ácoma claims for its ancestors. This supports their tradition
of having drifted hither in several small bands, which settled separately
and then consolidated—on Katzímo, or on Ácoma. This would be the place
and time for their use of the Mesa Encantada.
Acomita is still part of the cultivated land belonging to the Ácomas.
Thither nearly the whole population has migrated every summer for
generations, and some of them now live there the year round. It is
twelve miles in a straight line north of the peñol and occupies fertile
bottomlands of Blue Water Creek. Pueblito and McCarty’s are other
stretches of adjacent farming country occupied in the same way by the
Ácomas. Here they raise enough wheat, corn, chili, beans, peaches, and
melons for their use, and have some to barter for other necessities.
Bandelier considers it uncertain whether these fields were cultivated
when Espéjo came there in 1583, because the distance of “two leagues”
that Espéjo gives does not agree with the present position. May it not
rather be an incorrect measurement?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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