Comenius and the Beginnings of Educational ReformMonroe, W. S. (Will Seymour)
History
Comenius and the Beginnings of Educational Reform
Monroe, W. S. (Will Seymour)
Comenius, Johann Amos, 1592-1670; Education -- History; Educational change -- History
Like the _Janua_, the subjects treated in the _Orbis pictus_ cover a
wide range of topics. Their character may be indicated by the following
citations of chapter headings: God, the world, the heavens, fire, the
air, the water, the clouds, the earth, the fruits of the earth, metals,
stones, trees, fruits of trees, flowers, potherbs, corn, shrubs, birds,
tame fowls, singing birds, birds that haunt the fields and woods,
ravenous birds, waterfowls, ravenous vermin, animals about the house,
herd-cattle, laboring beasts, wild cattle, wild beasts, serpents and
creeping things, crawling vermin, creatures that live as well by water
as by land, river-fish and pond-fish, sea-fish and shell-fish, man, the
seven ages of man, the outward parts of man, the head and the hand,
the flesh and bowels, the charnels and bones, the outward and inward
senses, the soul of man, deformed and monstrous people, dressing of
gardens, husbandry, grazing, grinding, bread-making, fishing, fowling,
hunting, butchery, cookery, the vintage, brewing, a feast, and so
on to the one hundred and fifty-first chapter, in which the first
illustration is reproduced with this benediction by the master: “Thus
thou hast seen in short all things that can be shewed, and hast learned
the chief words of the Latin and mother-tongue. Go on now and read
other good books diligently, and thou shalt become learned, wise and
godly. Remember these things: Fear God and call upon him that he may
bestow upon thee the spirit of wisdom. Farewell.”
Under the pictures illustrating each chapter follows the descriptions
in the vernacular and the Latin. The following on the school may be
taken as characteristic of the book:—
A school (1) Schola (1)
is a shop in which young wits est officina in quâ novelli animi
are fashioned to virtue, and it formantur ad virtutem
is distinguished into classes. & distinguitur in classes.
The master (2) Præceptor (2)
sits in a chair (3) sedet in cathedra (3)
the scholars (4) discipuli (4)
in forms (5) in subsellüs (5)
he teaches, they learn. ille docet, hi discunt.
Some things are writ down Quædam præ scribuntur illis
before them with chalk on a cretâ in tabella. (6)
table. (6)
Some sit Quidam sedent
at a table and write (7) ad mensam & scribunt (7),
he mendeth their faults (8). ipse corrigit mendas (8).
Some stand and rehearse Quidam stant & recitant
things committed to memory mandata memoriæ (9).
(9).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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