_Lawrence_, _Lowell_, _Manchester_, and _Nashua_--all on the Merrimac River; _Lewiston_, _Waterville_, _Augusta_, _Woonsocket_, and _Adams_--each situated at falls or rapids--are great centres of cotton manufacture. Fall River has an abundance of water-power, and at the same time is situated on tide-water. Having the advantage of good power and cheap transportation, it has probably the greatest output of cotton textiles of any city in the world. Textile establishments have also grown up in the cities and towns of the Mohawk Valley, being attracted by the excellent facilities for transportation and also by the available water-power. _Lynn_, _Brockton_, _Haverhill_, _Marlboro_, and _Worcester_ are centres of boot and shoe manufacture; they turn out about two-thirds of the product of the United States. _Bridgeport_ and _New Haven_ have very large plants for the manufacture of fire-arms and fixed ammunition; _Waterbury_ and _Ansonia_ for watches, clocks, and brass goods; _Meriden_ for silverware, and _Waltham_ for watches. _Worcester_, _Hartford_, _North Adams_, _Fitchburg_, and _Providence_ have each a great variety of manufactures. The foreign commerce of these manufacturing centres is carried on mainly through _Boston_. _New Haven_, _New Bedford_, _Providence_, _Salem_, _Gloucester_, and _New London_ control each a very large local commerce. South of New York Bay the Atlantic coast-plain attains an average width of nearly two hundred miles. The pine forests of this plain yield lumber, tar, pitch, and turpentine. The productive lands are valuable chiefly for their output of dairy stuffs, fruit, and "garden truck," which find a ready market in the larger cities. In order to encourage this industry, the railways make special rates for dairy products, fruit, and vegetables, and afford quick transit for such freight. Manufacturing industries are rapidly taking shape in this part of the United States. Along the line where the coast-plain proper joins the foot-hills of the Appalachian ranges, the rivers reach the lower levels by rapids or falls. The estuaries into which they flow are usually navigable for river-craft. The manufacturer thus has the double advantage of water-power and low transportation. The opening of the southern Appalachian coal-mines has also greatly encouraged manufacture in this region. _Richmond_, _Columbia_, _Milledgeville_, _Augusta_, and _Columbus_ are thus situated. Their manufactures are very largely connected with the cotton-crop. The domestic commerce of the Atlantic seaboard of the United States is probably larger than that of any other similar region in the world. It is considerably larger than the "round-the-island" trade of Great Britain. Much of this trade is carried by steam-vessels, but the three-masted schooner is everywhere in evidence, and these craft carry a very large part of the coal that is moved by water. This trade is restricted to vessels flying the American flag.