The foreign trade consists mainly of the export of food-stuffs (of which sugar and eggs are heavy items), fine cabinet ware, woollen textiles (made from imported wool), barley and malt, and fine glassware. Much of the German and Italian wine is sent to market in casks made of Austrian stock; the coal goes mainly to Italy. The imports are raw cotton from the United States and Egypt, wool, silk, and tobacco. Coal is both exported and imported. The United States sells to Austria-Hungary cotton, pork, and corn--buying porcelain ware, glassware, and gloves, amounting to about one-fifth the value of the exports. _Vienna_, the capital, is the financial centre and commercial clearing-house of central Europe; it has also extensive manufactures. _Budapest_ is the great focal point of Hungarian railways and commerce. _Prague_ controls the coal, textile, and glass trade of Bohemia. _Lemberg_ is the metropolis of Galicia. The states of Liechtenstein, Bosnia, and Herzegovina are commercially under the control of Austria. =The Lower Danube States.=--Roumania and Bulgaria, the plain of the lower Danube, are enclosed by the Carpathian and Balkan ranges. They constitute a great wheat-field whose chief commercial outlets are the Iron Gate into Germanic Europe, and the Sulina mouth of the Danube into the Black Sea. The growing of maize for home consumption and wheat for export form the only noteworthy industries. Most of the grain is shipped up the Danube and sold in Great Britain and Germany. From the Iron Gate to the Black Sea the Danube is held as an international highway, and the control of its navigation is directed by a commission of the various European powers, having its head-quarters at Galatz, Roumania. [Illustration: TURKEY AND GREECE] In the Balkan Mountains is the famous Vale of Roses which furnishes about half the world's supply of attar-of-roses. The petals of the damask rose are pressed between layers of cloth saturated with lard. The latter absorbs the essential oil, from which it is easily removed. About half a ton of roses are required to make a pound of the attar. Kazanlik, noted also for rugs, is the great market for attar. _Galatz_ and _Rustchuk_ are grain-markets and river-ports; from the latter a railway extends to _Varna_, the chief port of the Black Sea. From _Sofia_, near the Bulgarian frontier, a trunk line of railway extends through Budapest to western Europe.