Common Diseases of Farm AnimalsCraig, Robert Alexander
Science
Common Diseases of Farm Animals
Craig, Robert Alexander
Veterinary medicine
Hog-cholera is more virulent or acute during the summer and fall months
than it is during the winter and spring months. After the disease sweeps
over a section of country, it becomes less virulent and takes on a subacute
or chronic form. Outbreaks of hog-cholera usually last two or three years
in a neighborhood. This depends largely on the number of susceptible hogs
that were not exposed to the infection the first season, and the preventive
precautions observed by the owners.
PERIOD OF INCUBATION.--The length of time elapsing between the exposure of
the hog to the cholera virus, and the development of noticeable symptoms of
hog-cholera, varies from a few days to two or three weeks. The length of
this incubation period depends on the susceptibility of the animal, the
virulence of the virus and the method of exposure. An acute form of
hog-cholera indicates a short period of incubation, and a chronic form, a
long period.
SYMPTOMS.--The symptoms of hog-cholera may differ widely in the different
outbreaks of the disease. The symptoms may be classified under the
following forms: Acute, subacute and chronic. The acute form of hog-cholera
is the most common. The early symptoms are tremors, fever, depressed
appearance, marked weakness, staggering gait, constipation and diarrhoea,
labored breathing and convulsions. Death may occur within a few hours or a
few days. Recovery seldom occurs. In the subacute form, the symptoms are
mild and develop slowly. Recovery may take place within a few days, or
after extending over a week or ten days it may assume the chronic form.
Very often in outbreaks of subacute cholera a large majority of the herd
does not show visible symptoms of the disease. In the chronic form, marked
symptoms of pleuropneumonia and chronic inflammation of the intestine are
common. Ulcers and sores form on the skin and the hair may come off. Large
portions of the skin may become gangrenous and slough. Young hogs are
usually stunted and emaciated.
_The first symptom_ of disease is an elevation of body temperature.
At the beginning of any outbreak of hog-cholera the _body temperatures_ of
the apparently healthy animals may vary from 105\260 to 108\260 F. After
a few days, animals that are fatally sick or recovering from the disease
may show normal or subnormal body temperature.
_Loss of appetite_ is the first symptom of disease usually noted by the
person in charge of the herd. The hog may show a disposition to eat dirt.
The sick hog is usually found lying in its bed, or off by itself in a quiet
place. It presents a rather _characteristic appearance_. The back is
arched, the hind feet are held close together, or crossed, the abdomen is
tucked up and the hog appears weak in its hind parts. _Diarrhoea_ or
_constipation_ may be present. The color of the diarrhoeal discharges
varies according to the character of the feed, and it may be more or less
tinged with blood and have a disagreeable odor. The urine is highly
colored.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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