FIG. 1. Rose Leaf, with fungus 2. Moss capsule, Polytrichum 3. Jungermannia, capsule 4. Do. an elater more magnified 5. Leaf of Moss, Sphagnum 6. Rootlet, Moss 7. Puccinia, from Thistle 8. Jungermannia, leaf 9. Scale from stalk of male fern 10. Uredo 11. Sphacelaria filicina 12. Do. top, more magnified 13. Seaweed, showing fruit 14. Do. fruit, more magnified 15. Ceramium 16. Capsule, Halidrys 17. Spore of do. 18. Polysiphonia parasitica 19. Do. stem, more magnified 20. Do. Capsule, tetraspores escaping 21. Do. fruit, another form 22. Ceramium, fruit 23. Myrionema, parasitic Seaweed 24. Delesseria sanguinea, Frond 25. Cladophora 26. Ptilota elegans 27. Enteromorpha clathrata 28. Nitophyllum laceratum [Illustration: V.] The figure on the bottom left-hand corner of Plate V. is a portion of the pretty Nitophyllum lacerátum, a plant belonging to the same family as the preceding one. The specimen here represented has a gathering of spores upon the frond, in which state the frond is said to be “in fruit.” Fig. 27 represents a portion of the common sea-grass (_Enteromorpha_), so common on rocks and stones between the range of high and low water. On the left hand of the figure, and near the top, is a small piece of the same plant much more magnified, in order to show the form of its cells. CHAPTER VII Antennæ, their Structure and Use--Eyes, Compound and Simple--Breathing Organs--Jaws and their Appendages--Legs, Feet, and Suckers--Digestive Organs--Wings, Scales, and Hairs--Eggs of Insects--Hair, Wool, Linen, Silk, and Cotton--Scales of Fish--Feathers--Skin and its Structure--Epithelium--Nails, Bone, and Teeth--Blood Corpuscles and Circulation--Elastic Tissues--Muscle and Nerve. We now take leave of the vegetables for a time, and turn our attention to the animal kingdom. On Plate VI. may be seen many beautiful examples of animal structures, most of them being taken from the insect tribes. We will begin with the antennæ, or horns, as they are popularly termed, of the insect. The forms of these organs are as varied as those of the insects to which they belong, and they are so well defined that a single antenna will, in almost every instance, enable a good entomologist to designate the genus to which the insect belonged. The functions of the antennæ are not satisfactorily ascertained. They are certainly often used as organs of speech, as may be seen when two ants meet each other, cross their antennæ, and then start off simultaneously to some task which is too much for a single ant. This pretty scene may be witnessed on any fine day in a wood, and a very animated series of conversations may readily be elicited by laying a stick across their paths, or putting a dead mouse or large insect in their way.