If you were to use a piece of string instead of a copper wire to go
from one pole of a battery to another or to spin between the poles
of the magnet of the dynamo, you could get no flow of electricity to
speak of. Electrons do not flow through string easily, but they flow
through a copper wire very easily. Anything that carries, or conducts,
electricity well is called a _good conductor_. Anything that
carries it poorly is called a _poor conductor_. Anything that
allows practically no electricity to pass through it is called an
_insulator_.
EXPERIMENT 65.[5] Turn on an electric lamp. Turn it off by
opening the knife switch. Cover the blade of the knife switch
with a fold of paper and close it. Will the lamp glow? Try a
fold of dry cloth; a fold of the same cloth wet. Connect the
blade to the slot with a piece of iron; with a piece of glass;
with porcelain; with rubber; with dry wood; with wood that is
soaking wet; with a coin. Which of these are good conductors
of electricity? Which could be used as insulators?
[Footnote 5: Read footnote, page 226, before doing this experiment.]
[Illustration: FIG. 119. Electricity flows through the coin.]
HOW YOU CAN GET AN ELECTRICAL SHOCK. A person's body is not a very
good conductor of electricity, but will conduct it somewhat. When
electricity goes through your body, you get a shock. The shock from
the ordinary current of electricity, 110 volts, is not enough to
injure you at all; in fact, if you were standing on dry wood, it would
be _safe_, although you would get a slight shock, to connect the blade
of a knife switch to the slot of the switch, through your hand or
body. Your body would not allow enough current to pass through it to
light the lamp. Stronger currents, like those of power lines and even
trolley wires, are extremely dangerous.
All the electric wires entering your house are made of copper. They
are all covered with cloth and rubber and are fastened with glass
or porcelain knobs. The reason is simple: Copper and practically all
other metals are very good conductors of electricity; that is, they
allow electricity to pass through them very easily. Cloth, rubber,
glass, and porcelain are very poor conductors, and they are therefore
used as insulators,--to keep the electricity from going where you do
not want it to go.
[Illustration: FIG. 120. Will electricity go through the glass?]
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