_APPLICATION 83._ A woman was cleaning kettles with lye. Her little boy was playing near, and some lye splashed on his hand. She looked swiftly around and saw the following things: soap, oil, lemon, flour, peroxide, ammonia, iodine, baking soda, essence of peppermint. Which should she have put on the boy's hand? _APPLICATION 84._ A teacher spilled some nitric acid on her apron. On the shelf there were: hydrochloric acid, vinegar, lye, caustic soda, baking soda, ammonia, salt, alcohol, kerosene, salad oil. Which should she have put on her apron? _APPLICATION 85._ A boy had "sour stomach." His sister said, "Chew some gum." His aunt said, "Drink hot water with a little peppermint in it." His mother told him to take a little baking soda in water. His brother said, "Try some hot lemonade." Which advice should he have followed? _APPLICATION 86._ Two women were bleaching a faded pair of curtains. The Javelle water which they had used was made of bleaching powder and washing soda. Before hanging the curtains out to dry, one of them said that she was afraid the Javelle water would become so strong as the water evaporated from the curtains that it would eat the curtains. They decided they had better rinse them out with something that would counteract the soda and lime in the Javelle water, and in the laundry and pantry they found: ammonia, blueing, starch, washing powder, soap, vinegar, and gasoline. Which of them, if any, would it have been well to put in the rinsing water? INFERENCE EXERCISE Explain the following: 531. Solid pieces of washing soda disappear in hot water. 532. Greasy clothes put into hot water with washing soda become clean. 533. If you hang these clothes up to dry without rinsing them, the soda will weaken the cloth. 534. Lemon juice in the rinsing water will prevent washing soda from injuring the clothes. 535. If you hang them in the sun, the color will fade. 536. A piece of soot blown against them will stick. 537. A drop of oil that may spatter against them will spread. 538. The clothes will be easier to iron if dampened. 539. The creases made in ironing the clothes will reappear even if you flatten the creases out with your hand. 540. After they have been worn, washed, and ironed a number of times, clothes are thinner than they were when they were new. SECTION 57. _Effervescence._ What makes baking powder bubble? What makes the foam on soda water? Did you ever make soda lemonade? It is easy to make and is rather good. Try making it at home. Here are the directions: